Refrigeration cycle

Liquefaction
Process Classification
External Refrigerant type

Cascade

Mixed Refrigerant Process (MR Process)

- Single MR
- Dual MR
- C3 Pre-cooled

New processes

Dual MR Process (Shell)

Liqeufin Process (Axens)

MFC Process (Linde)

AP-X Process (APCI)

Liquefaction
Existing Process

Single MR Process (PRICO)

TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)
CASCADE Process (Phillips)
C3 Pre-cooled MR Process (APCI, Shell)

Single MR Process (PRICO)

Single MR (PRICO)

Low Pressure Refrigerant

Treated Feed Gas

High Pressure Refrigerant

Inter
Cooler

Refrigerant
Heat Exchanger

Inter Stage
Scrubber

Inter Stage
Pump
Heavy Liquid
Separator

Refrigerant
Condenser
Refrigerant
Compressor

Heavy Liquid
to Processing
LNG
Refrigerant
Pump

To Storage

GASTECH 1998

TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)

Treated Feed Gas

Mixed Refrigerant

Refrigerant
Heat Exchanger

Pre-refrigeration
Cycle

Fractionators
Mixed
Refrigerant

C2+
Refrigerant
Heat Exchanger

Liquefaction Cycle

LNG
to Storage

by LNG9 1989

Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)/C3

MR

Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)

Fuel Gas

N2
Reject

LNG

C3
Pre-cooling

to Storage
C3
Compressor

LP
C3

MR
Compressor

Scrub Column

MP C3
Mixed
Refrigerant
Refrigerant
Heat
Exchanger
HHP HP
C3 C3

MP
C3

LP
C3

LPG Fractionation

HP C3
Treated
Feed Gas
LPG
Condensate

Cascade process using liquid heat exchanger(ConocoPhillip)

Cooling Curve of Cascade Process

20
0

Natural Gas

Temperature (C)

-20
-40

Propane
-60
-80

-100

Ethylene

-120
-140

Methane

-160
1000

2000

Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)

3000

Cooling Curve of C3 Pre-cooled MR

20
0

Natural Gas

Temperature (C)

-20
-40
C3 Cycle
-60
-80

-100

MR Cycle

-120
-140
-160
1000

2000

3000

Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)

Liquefaction
New Process
Dual MR Process (Shell)
Liqeufin Process (Axens)
MFC Process (Linde)
AP-X Process (APCI)

SHELL DMR Process

Dual MR Process (Shell)

Fuel Gas
LNG

N2
Reject

to Storage

Mixed
Refrigerant
Spool wound
Heat Exchangers

MR Compressor

Compressor

Scrub Column

Mixed
Refrigerant
Refrigerant
Heat
Exchanger

LPG Fractionation

Treated
Feed Gas

LPG
Condensate
by LNG12 1998

Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)

Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)

Treated Feed Gas

Refrigerant
Heat Exchanger
Fuel Gas
Pre-cooling Cycle

Liquefaction
Cycle

Refrigerant
Heat Exchanger

Refrigerant
Heat
Exchanger

End Flash
LNG
to Storage

Sub-cooling Cycle

AP-XTM Process (APCI)

AP-XTM Process (APCI)

Coil Wound
Sub-cool Heat Exchanger
Propane Pre-cool Compressor

Feed
Gas

Propane Pre-cool
Heat Exchangers

MR Compressor

Nitrogen Gas Expander

Coil Wound
MCHE

Nitrogen Cold-box

Nitrogen Compressor

Liquefaction
Evolution of LNG Train Capacity
8
QGII

GE Fr.9

Gas Turbine Driven

Egypt SEGAS

GE Fr.5

Arun

Brunei

0
1960

Kenai

1970

Qatargas

Tangguh

Woodside Exp
Oman
Atlantic

Ras
Laffan

Arun 6

Badak

Lybia

Camel

Australia

Malaysia

Snohvit

Egypt Idku
Ras Laffan Exp
Malaysia Tiga

Malaysia Dua Nigeria

GE Fr. 6&7

Helper Motor

Motor Drive

Elec Motor Driven

Power Export

Million Ton/Yr

Steam Turbine Driven

Arzew

Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi
Skikda

1980

1990

2000

2010

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