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of Diksha
Knitwears
Introduction
Demand Analysis
Measures of Productivity
Marginal Analysis
Demand Analysis
Demand Forecasting
Demand Analysis
Demand
250000
200000
Quantity
150000
100000
50000
0
41730 41760 41791 41821 41852 41883 41913 41944 41974 42005 42036 42064 42095 42125 42156 42186 42217 42248
Demand
Demand Analysis
Seasonal Demand
Demand Analysis:
Seasonal Demand Forecasting
Seasonal Index Forecasting
Average Demand
Average Demand = Total Demand / No. of Periods
Period
April
Total Sales
2014
1,05,105
2015
1,73,658
May
June
90,996
84,012
92,682
1,65,936
July
August
98,413
1,37,157
82,629
1,27,332
September
1,90,077
2,36,731
Demand Analysis:
Seasonal Demand Forecasting
Period
Seasonal
ASIIndex
= Sum of seasonal indices for different years
No.
of Years
2014
2015
Average
April
0.7959
1.3150
1.0554
May
0.6890
0.7018
0.6954
June
0.6362
1.2565
0.9463
July
0.7452
0.6257
0.6855
August
Septem
ber
1.0386
0.9642
1.0014
1.4393
1.7926
1.6160
Demand Analysis:
Seasonal Demand Forecasting
Demand Forecasting
Each seasons forecast = Average seasonal index for each season X Average Demand
Month
April
May
June
July
August
Septembe
r
Avg. seasonal
index
1.0554
0.6954
0.9463
0.6855
1.0014
Avg. seasonal
demand
1,32,061
1,32,061
1,32,061
1,32,061
1,32,061
Forecasted
Demand
1,39,382
91,839
1,24,974
90,521
1,32,245
1.6160
1,32,061
2,13,404
Measures of Productivity
These measures are useful for evaluating the effectiveness of a production process and
for making input decisions that maximize profits. The important measures of
productivity are:
Average Product: The average product (AP) of an input is defined as total product
divided by the quantity used of the input.
AP = O/I
Marginal Product: The marginal product (MP) of an input is the change in total
output attributable to the last unit of an input.
MP = O/I
Measures of Productivity:
Average Product
Month
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
299
236
241
357
499
680
438
227
168
188
488
516
485
253
492
262
459
703
Total Production
Quantity
1,10,650
1,02,900
1,08,400
1,16,500
1,41,400
1,65,900
1,12,400
85,450
75,600
96,280
1,44,300
1,38,409
1,41,702
1,22,987
1,42,365
1,54,963
1,81,540
1,90,200
Avg. Product of
Labor
369.96
435.60
449.78
325.90
283.32
243.90
256.57
376.55
449.88
512.45
295.72
268.42
292.43
485.62
289.56
590.57
395.51
270.60
Measures of Productivity:
Marginal Product
Month
Apr-14
May14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug14
Sep14
Oct-14
Nov14
Dec14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar15
No. of
Machines
450
No. of
Labor
299
Total Production
Quantity
1,10,650
Marginal Product of
Labor
-
450
236
1,02,900
123.30
450
450
241
357
1,08,400
1,16,500
1,150.33
69.55
450
499
1,41,400
175.85
450
680
1,65,900
135.28
450
438
1,12,400
220.98
450
227
85,450
127.63
450
168
75,600
167.28
450
450
188
488
96,280
1,44,300
1,042.50
160.03
450
516
1,38,409
(212.74)
Measures of Productivity
Measure of Labor Productivity
1,400.00
1,200.00
1,000.00
800.00
600.00
400.00
200.00
(200.00)
(400.00)
41730 41760 41791 41821 41852 41883 41913 41944 41974 42005 42036 42064 42095 42125 42156 42186 42217 42248
Marginal Analysis
Marginal analysis states that optimal managerial decisions involve comparing the
marginal (or incremental) benefits of a decision with the marginal (or incremental)
costs.
Let B(Q) denote the total benefits derived and C(Q) represent the total costs incurred,
then Net Benefits are given by
N(Q) = B(Q) - C(Q)
Marginal benefit (MB) refers to the additional benefits that arise and Marginal cost
(MC) is the additional cost incurred by using an additional unit of the managerial
control variable, then Marginal Net Benefits are given by
MNB(Q) = MB(Q) - MC(Q)
Marginal Analysis
Month
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
1,32,22,637.00
1,04,43,698.00
1,06,55,080.00
1,58,04,197.00
2,20,64,472.00
3,00,71,253.00
1,93,67,738.00
1,00,32,605.00
74,29,303.00
83,06,308.00
2,15,72,857.00
2,27,97,093.00
2,14,22,777.00
1,11,96,555.00
2,17,36,691.00
1,16,00,691.00
2,02,92,572.00
3,10,74,242.00
Labor Cost
(Rs)
35,89,001.00
28,34,718.00
28,92,093.00
42,89,711.00
59,88,928.00
81,62,197.00
52,56,957.00
27,23,136.00
20,16,525.00
22,54,569.00
58,55,490.00
61,87,782.00
58,14,754.00
30,39,065.00
58,99,959.00
31,48,759.00
55,07,984.00
84,34,437.00
Net Benefits
(B)-(C)
20,77,843
16,41,153
16,74,370
24,83,516
34,67,274
47,25,483
30,43,502
15,76,552
11,67,462
13,05,277
33,90,020
35,82,400
33,66,436
17,59,458
34,15,765
18,22,966
31,88,833
48,83,095
Marginal Analysis
Month
Apr-14
May-14
Jun-14
Jul-14
Aug-14
Sep-14
Oct-14
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
May-15
Jun-15
Jul-15
Aug-15
Sep-15
MB (B)
(39,69,912.50)
3,01,974.50
73,55,881.00
89,43,250.30
1,14,38,259.00
(1,52,90,736.20)
(1,33,35,904.20)
(37,19,003.40)
12,52,864.50
1,89,52,213.20
17,48,907.80
(19,63,308.00)
(1,46,08,889.00)
1,50,57,337.00
(1,44,79,999.00)
1,24,16,973.00
1,54,02,385.30
MC (C)
(35,33,222.00)
2,68,757.00
65,46,735.00
79,59,492.00
1,01,80,050.00
(1,36,08,755.00)
(1,18,68,954.00)
(33,09,913.00)
11,15,049.00
1,68,67,470.00
15,56,528.00
(17,47,344.00)
(1,30,01,911.00)
1,34,01,030.00
(1,28,87,200.00)
1,10,51,106.00
1,37,08,123.00
Marginal Analysis
Marginal Analysis
6,000,000.00
5,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
3,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
Amount
1,000,000.00
(1,000,000.00)
(2,000,000.00)
(3,000,000.00)
41760 41821 41883 41944 42005 42064 42125 42186 42248
41730 41791 41852 41913 41974 42036 42095 42156 42217
MNB
Net Benefits