Inclusionineducationdescribes an

approach wherein students with

special educational needsspend most or
all of their time with non-disabled students
Inclusion was once thought only necessary

for

educating

students

special educational needsuntil

with
dual

certification of special educators as school

teacher leader

 it is crucial that all of teachers ensure

inclusive practice for all students in

their classroom and the wider school.

Implementation of inclusion practice

varies and schools most frequently use
the strategy for select students with
mild to severe special needs

 Inclusion

rejects

the

use

ofspecial

schools or classrooms, which remain

popular

among

large

multi-service

providers, to separate students with

disabilities

from

students

without

disabilities.
Inclusion gives students with disabilities

skills they can use in and out of the

classroom.

Fully Inclusive Schools and G eneral/Special

Education Policies
Fully inclusive schools, which are rare,

no longer distinguish between "general

education" and "special education
All approaches to inclusive schooling

require administrative and managerial

changes to move from the traditional
approaches to elementary and high
school education.

Classifi
cation ofinclusive education
regular

inclusion
full inclusion.

inclusionorpartial

Principles ofInclusion and N ecessary

Resources
Adequate supports and services for the

student
Well-designed
individualized education programs
Professional development for all teachers
involved, general and special educators alike
Time for teachers to plan, meet, create, and
evaluate the students together
Reduced class size based on the severity of
the student needs

 Professional skill development in the areas

of cooperative learning, peer tutoring,

adaptive curriculum
Collaboration between parents or
guardians, teachers or para educators,
specialists, administration, and outside
agencies.
Sufficient funding so that schools will be
able to develop programs for students
based on student need instead of the
availability of funding

Factors aff
ecting inclusive education
Family-school partnerships
Collaboration between general and

special educators
Well-constructed plans that identify
specific accommodations, modifications,
and goals for each student
Coordinated planning and
communication between "general" and
"special needs" staf

 Integrated service delivery

Ongoing training and staf development
Leadership of teachers and

administrators

Com m on pratices in inclusion

Using

games

designed

to

build

community
Involving students in solving problems
Sharing songs and books that teach

community
Openly
dealing
with
individual
diferences by discussion
Assigning classroom jobs that build
community

 Help establish short-term goals

Design a multi-faced curriculum
Communicate regular with parents

and/or caregivers
Seek support from other special
education teachers

team -teaching

m odels

inclusive

used

in

education

One teach, one support

One teach, one observe
Station teaching or rotational teaching
Parallel teaching
Alternative teaching

Selection ofStudents for Inclusion Program s

in Schools
Students that are entirely excluded

from school (for example, due to longterm hospitalization), or who are

educated outside of schools (for
example, due to enrollment in a
distanceprogram) cannot attempt
inclusion.

 , students with severe behavioral problems,

such that they represent a serious physical

danger to others, are poor candidates for
inclusion
The students that are most commonly

included are those with physical disabilities

that have no or little efect on their
academic work

Criticism s ofInclusion Program s

Full and partial inclusion approaches neglect

to acknowledge the fact most students with

significant

special

needs

require

individualized instruction or highly controlled

environments
a child with serious inattention problems

may be unable to focus in a classroom that

contains twenty or more active children

 Parents of disabled students may be

cautious about placing their children in

an inclusion program because of fears
that the children will be ridiculed by
other students

Thank you ..