welcome to

my
presentation

Presented by
Md. Hasan
Department of EEE
ID:555122020
Hamdard University Bangladesh
Presented to
MD.Shaon Ahmed
Lecturer
Department of EEE
Hamdard University Bangladesh
Course title : Industrial & Power Electronics

Presentation Topics : Differents types of conveter.

DC-DC Converters:

Buck or (Step-down) converter

Boost or (Step-up) converter
Buck-Boost or (Step-down/step-up) converter
Cuk converter

Introduction:
Dc converter can be used as switching mode regulators to convert a Dc voltage. The average output voltage is controlled by controlling the switch on and off durations (ton and t off ). Lets consider the following switch-mode dc-dc converter.

Why need converter?

In many industrial application that is required to convert a fixed-voltage dc source. A dc to dc converter converts directly
from dc to dc and is simply known as a dc converter.it can be used as step up or step down a dc voltage source. this converter
is used as dc voltage regulator. This converter is used as traction motor control in electric auto mobiles , trolley cars etc.

Step-Down (Buck) Converter

converts dc from one level to another

the average output voltage is controlled by
the ON-OFF switch
pulse-width modulation (PWM) switching is
employed
lower average output voltage than the dc
input voltage Vd depending on the duty ratio,
D
D=ton/T

Applications:
regulated switch mode dc power supplies
dc motor drives

low-pass filter: to reduce output voltage fluctuations

diode is reversed biased during ON period, input
provides energy to the load and to the inductor
energy is transferred to the load from the inductor
during switch OFF period
in the steady-state, average inductor voltage is zero
in the steady-state, average capacitor current is zero

Step-Up (Boost) Converter

Output voltage always higher than the
input voltage
When the switch is ON:
diode is reversed biased
output circuit is thus isolated
inductor is charged
When the switch is OFF:
the output stage received energy from the
inductor as well as from the input
Filter capacitor is very large to ensure
constant output voltage
Applications:
regulated switch mode power supplies
Regenerative braking of dc motors

Step-Down/Step-Up (Buck-Boost) Converter

This converter can be obtained by the cascade

connection of two converters: the step-down converter
and the step-up converter
The output voltage can be higher or lower than the input
voltage
Used in regulated dc power supplies where a negative
polarity output may be desired with respect to the
common terminal of the input voltage
The output to input voltage conversion ratio
V0
1
D
Vd
1 D

This allows V0 to be higher or lower than Vd

When the switch is ON:
diode is reversed biased
output circuit is thus isolated
inductor is charged
When the switch is OFF:
the output stage received energy from the inductor

Cuk DC-DC Converter

The output voltage can be higher or lower than the input voltage
Provides a negative polarity output voltage with respect to the common
terminal of the input voltage
C1 acts as the primary means of storing and transferring energy from the
input to the output
In the steady-state, average inductor voltages, VL1 and VL2 are zero, therefore,
VC1 = Vd + V0

Cuk DC-DC Converter

When the switch is OFF:

- iL1 and iL2 flow through the diode
- C1 is charged through the diode by energy from
both the input and L1
- energy stored in L2 feeds the output

When the switch is ON:

- Vc1 reverse biases the diode
- iL1 and iL2 flow through the switch
- since Vc1>V0, C1 discharges through the switch,
transferring energy to the output and L2
- Therefore, iL2 increases
- Input feeds energy to L1 causing iL1 to increase

Conclusions
In many industrial applications, it is required to convert fixed dc voltage

into variable dc voltage

Various types of dc-to-dc converters
Operation of dc-to-dc converters
The step-down, step-up, buck-boost and Cuk converters are only capable
of transferring energy only in one direction
Like ac transformers, dc converters can be used to step-up or step-down a
dc voltage source.
Applications: electric automobiles, trolley cars , mine haulers etc.

Thanks to
all & Allah
Hafez