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Outline of Presentation
I.
Concept of Helping
a. Formal
b. Informal
Outline of Presentation
V.
VI. Integration
Three Cases
1992 Malolos, Bulucan
Alfred, 15, stabbed Bert with a pair of scissors
April 20, 1999 Columbine High School, Littleton,
Colorado
Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris with guns, knives and
home-made bombs, killed 12 students, one teacher and
then shot themselves. At least 45 were injured.
March 21, 2005 Red Lake, Minnesota
Jeff Weise, 16, shot his grandfather and his grandfathers
companion, drove his grandfathers car to school, killed 9
people, wounded 7, shot himself.
Formal Helping
Unplanned
Planned
Requires no specific
training
Not systematic
Offered by skilled
helper
Is systematic
Not intentional
Intentional
Impact on client
uncertain
Goal is uncertain
Helping Formula
Personality
of the Helper
Helping
Skills
Growth Facilitating
Conditions
Specific
Outcome
Characteristics
1. The helping relationship is meaningful to both
parties
* personal, intimate, relevant
* involve self-commitment
2. Disclosure of emotions is evident
* self revealing
* feelings about personal concerns
3. Respect is accorded to each other
Characteristics
4. The relationship takes place by mutual consent
5. The relationship is developed because the
individual to be helped needs some form of
assistance: information, instruction, advice,
understanding and/or treatment
6. The relationship is conducted through
communication and interaction
Characteristics
7. Structure is provided by the helper
8. Collaborative effort intensifies the relationship
9. The helping professional exhibits emotional
maturity
10. Changes is the object of the relationship
Levels of Helping
1. Nonprofessional Helpers
* Friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers,
well-meaning relatives who try to assist in
what ever way they can
* No specific educational requirement
Levels of Helping
2. Paraprofessional Helpers
* Human service workers with some formal
training in human relation skills
* Work as a part of a team and not as an
individual
3. Professional Helpers
* Possess relevant educational qualification
* Has supervised internship; some need
license to practice
Counseling
Definition: Counseling denotes a professional
relationship between a trained counselor and
a client designed to help the latter resolve
problems of an emotional or interpersonal
nature (Burks and Stefflre, 1979)
Counseling
Characteristics of Human Being that Provide a Basis for
the Counseling Profession (Gibson and Mitchell, 2003)
1. Humans are among the weakest species at birth. Our survival is
dependent solely on the attention, care and affection of others
2. Humankind has the greatest potential for growth and
development of all the species. The brainpower, coupled with a
surplus of energy (more than other species), gives us almost
limitless possibilities.
3. Humankind has the highest level of communication skills that
enable us to express our thoughts in detail to many others, to teach
our language to others, to record/send/receive information. This
ability to relate to others serves as the core of a happy, welladjusted life.
Counseling
Characteristics of Human Being that Provide a Basis for
the Counseling Profession (Gibson and Mitchell, 2003)
4. Human species exhibits a wider range of difference than any
other. The concept of individual differences provides the rationale
for client analysis in the helping profession
5. Human beings manipulate and are manipulated by their
environment. The behavior of a person cannot be adequately
understood apart from the environmental context within which it
occurs.
6. Humans are the only living organisms that understand past and
future time. This gives us the capability for building our
experiences and planning for the development of our potential
7. Humans have the ability to reason and to gain insight. We are
able to make reasoned choices among alternatives and to change
Helping Process
Stages
Relationship building
2. Assessment
3. Goal setting
1.
4. Intervention
5. Termination and Follow up
Helping Process
Techniques
1. Attending
2. Listening
3. Reflecting
4. Encouraging
5. Questioning
Task of Building
(A story set in the Middle Ages)
A man walks up to a field where a huge cathedral is
being built.
A number of stone masons are working on a section of the
construction site. Each mason is using a hammer and a chisel.
The man asks each of the masons the same question,
What are you doing?
Im chipping stone murmured the first
Im building a wall says the next.
Thank You