DRILLING

Insurance

LOCATION - ACCESS
Location
Remote areas
Severe
environments

Access
Difficult
Special transport

Drilling Technology
Cable drilling

Rotary drilling
with top drive

Fluid Circulation

Fluid circulation for cutting removal

1. Pump on surface moves the
drilling fluid
downhole through
the hollow drill string
2. Fluid comes out through the bit
3. Fluid picks up the cuttings as bit
makes
them and carries them through
annulus to the surface
4. On surface the cuttings are
disposed of
the fluid
5. Clean mud is send back down the
hole by
the pump to repeat the cycle

Drilling Fluid - Mud

Mixture of base fluid, clay,

weighting material and a few
chemicals
Base fluid can be
liquid (water and oil)
gas (gas or air) or
Combination
Keep boreholes from caving in
Moves the cuttings away from
the bit
Cools and lubricates the bit
Keeps formation fluids from
entering the hole and blowing
out to the surface
Gives information about the
reservoir formations

Rotary Rig Types

Rotary drilling rigs
I- work on land
(onshore)

II- work in shore

(offshore)
III-work in inland waters
(lakes,marshes,estuarie
s)

LAND RIGS
land rigs are mobile
After drilling a hole in
one site, the rig will be
disassembled into huge
pieces transported to
another site, where it
will be assembled to drill
another hole.

OFFSHORE RIGS
offshore drilling are mobile
rigs or Mobile Offshore Drilling
Units(MODU)
MODU are divided into two groups
1 Bottom supported Units for
Exploration
Submersibles ( posted
barges, Bottle or
Arctic types, Inland barges) &
Jack up
2 Floating Units for
development drilling
Semisubmersibles and Drill
Ships

Bottom-Supported
Units
Submersibles:
1 Posted Barges
2 Bottle Types
3 Arctic Types
4 Inland Barges
Jack up
Floating Units
1 Semisubmersibles
2 Drill Ships

Bottom-Supported Units
Submersibles:
Lower part rests on the seafloor
Floats on the water's surface when moved
from site to site
Wind, waves and currents have little
effect as base is in
contact with ocean/sea bottom.

Posted Barges
It is barge hull and
steel
posts (columns)
supported
Deck & drilling
equipment
Could drill offshore

Bottle type

Four tall steel cylinders

(bottles) at each corner of
the structure
The main deck lies across
several steel supports and
the bottles
The rig and other
equipment are placed on
the main deck
Flooded bottles cause the
rig to submerge to the
seafloor
Not economical

Arctic type

For shallow ocean like

arctic
reinforced hull, a caisson
Drilling rig fitted on
reinforced concrete base
Boat tow them in water in
summer to drill site
Caisson submerge to sea
bottom

Inland (Swamp) Barges

Used in shallow water
marshes, bays,
swamps
Barge hull a full
bottom flat sided
rectangular steel box
Rig & equipment on
barge deck
Not self propelled tow
by boats & floats on
surface
At site rest on bottom
ooze as barge flooded
by water

Jack up Rigs
Widely used mobile offshore drilling
unit
Floats on a barge hull when towed
to the drilling location
three or more cylindrical column or
open truss structure legs
Barge hull(tri or rect angular)
shaped
Legs jack down to sea floor at drill
site after barge hull positioned
Then raise or jack up hull above
the height of the highest
anticipated waves
Drilling equipment is on top of the
hull
suitable for a severe weather
environment

Semi submersibles

Largest floating structures -100

tall
Big main decks can like football
field ~2500 S Mt
Two or more pontoons to float rig
Pontoon is long-narrow,-hollow
steel float with a rectangular or
round cross section
During drilling pontoons
submerged in water but do not
contact sea bottom so called as
semisubmersibles because in
drilling mode the rigs
Main deck rests on top of large
Square or cylindrical columns
extend upward from the pontoons
columns

Semi submersible
During movement pontoons contain
air and tow-boats are tied on rig to
move
Some Semis are self-propelled
Waves do not affect much as
pontoons submerged below the
waterline unlike when it floats on
surface
Semis are more stable for drilling
than drill ships
Kept on the drilling station by
anchors
It work up to 1000 Mtr but can
work in max. water-depth 2500 Mtr
Drill holes up to 10,000 meters
deep.

Drill Ships

Self-propelled
Streamlined hull for speedy move
Ship shape hull to carry more
equipment
Suitable for drilling remote locations
Drill ships are kept on station by
anchors
Needs dynamic positioning system
with computer-controlled thrusters
and sophisticated electronic sensors
Operate in water depths up to 3000
Can drill holes over 30000
Size can be 800 x100 hulls tower
60 height
More susceptible than
semisubmersibles to bad weather.

End of session
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