Halides

Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine

(Br) & Iodine (I)
+ Metal
Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides &
Iodides

Halite (NaCl)

Halite
Cubic, hopper crystals. Granular,
colourless or white, vitreous transparent
to translucent, perfect cleavage, brittle,
H. 2.5, Sp.Gr. 2, salty taste
.In sedimentay rocks by evaporation
England, poland, Germany
El-Max, Alexandria
Chemical industries, preservative, weed
, killer

Fluorite (CaF2)

Fluorite
Cubic, light green. Rosy, yellow, white,
streak white, vitreous, transparent to
translucent, perfect cleavage (111), H.4,
Sp.Gr. 3
In hydrothermal veins & in sediments
England, Germany. USA
Flux, in making steel, HF preparation,
glass industry, enameling cooking utensils

Carbonates
In presence of Acids
2H+ + CO3 ====== H2O + CO2 (gas)
Fizz test
Anhydrous & Hydrous Carbonates
Calcite Group:(trigonal) Calcite, siderite
Aragonite G.=(Orthorhombic) Aragonite
Dolomite G. = (trigonal) Dolomite
Hydrous carbonates: (Monoclinic) Azurite,
Malachite

Calcite (CaCO3)

Calcite
Trigonal, with various habits, white to
colourless, streak white, vitreous,
transparent to translucent, perfect
rhombohedral cleavage, H.3, Sp.Gr. 2.7
Chalk, limestone, marble, hydrothermal
veins, caves, travertine, carbonatites
In all countries, Mokattam, Abou Roash
Cement 75% Ls, buildings, decorations,
flux, CaO for mortars

Siderite (FeCO3)

Siderite
Trigonal, brown, white streak, vitreous,
transparent to translucent, perfect
cleavage, uneven, H.4, Sp.Gr.4
In sedimentary iron deposits and in
hydrothermal veins
England, Germany, Austria
An iron ore mineral

Aragonite (CaCO3)

Aragonite
Orthorhombic, acicular, long prismatic,
colourless to white, vitreous
transaparent to translucent, distinct
cleavage, H. 4, Sp.Gr. 3
Less common under atmospheric
conditions, most shells, blue schists
Newzealand, Italy, austria
No economic uses

Dolomite (CaMg(CO3))

Dolomite
Trigonal , rhombohedral, massive, white to
flesh colours, Streak white, vitreous
transparent to translucent, perfect cleavage,
. H. 4, Sp. Gr. 2.8, slow reaction with dil. HCl
Sedimentary and in hydrothermal veins
Many parts of the world, Abu Roash
Building, ornamentations, cement, MgO as
. refractory linings, potential ore of Mg

Malachite (Cu2CO3(OH)2)

Malachite
Monoclinic, botryoidal, earthy, bright
green, pale green streak, vitreous, silky,
dull, translucent, perfect cleavage, H. 4,
Sp.Gr. 4
Secondary copper mineral
Zaire, SW Africa, Australia
Atawi, Hamash (E.D.), Samra (sinai)
Ore of Cu, ornamental stone

Azurite Cu3(CO3)2 OH2

Azurite
Monoclinic, variable habits, azure blue,
light blue streak, vitreous transparent
to translucent, perfect cleavage,
conchoidal fracture, H. 4, Sp.Gr. 3.7
Usually associated with malachite
SW Africa, Rumania, Australia
Minor ore of copper