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Final Review

Prepare for final exam


Content in lectures.
In class examples.
Homework problems.

Chapter 4
4.9 Bode Plots
an ( s z1 )( s z2 )...( s zn )
H ( s)
bm ( s p1 )( s p2 )...( s pm )

Frequency response

H ( j )

k 23

1 j

20 log | H ( j ) | 20 log

1 j

1 j
1

k23

20 log 1 j
20 log 1 j
20 log j 20 log 1 j
1
2
3
1

1 j 1 j 0 j 1 j
2
3
1

Contribution of pole

Example 0. Draw the bode plots for the


20 s ( s 100)
transfer function
H ( s)

( s 2)( s 10)

H ( s)

20 100

2 10

s
s

s 1
s
1

100
100

100
s
s
s
s

1 1
1

10
2
10
2

This transfer function has two poles:


-2 and -10
It also has two zeros:
0 and -100

Consider the contribution of every pole


4

and zero separately.


Combine all contributions.

Magnitude Bode Plot


20 log[ H ( s )]dB

46
46

20dB / dec
20dB / dec

0.1
26
26

4.10 Filter design Will NOT be


tested

Chapter 5
5.1 The z-transform
Unilateral

X [ z ] x[ n ] z n
n 0

Use Table 5.1 to get inverse z - transform

5.3 Zero-state response the transfer function


( z N a1 z N 1 a N )Y [ z ] (b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN ) X [ z ]
Q[ z ]Y [ z ] P[ z ] X [ z ]
Y [ z ] P[ z ] b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN
H ( z)

N
X [ z ] Q[ z ] z a1 z N 1 a N
7

5.5 Frequency response


i

z e H [e ] H [e ] e

jH [ ei ]

Amplitude response : H [ei ]


Phase response : H [ei ]

5.4 System realization


b0 z N b1 z N 1 bN
H ( z) N
z a1 z N 1 a N

Canonic (Direct form II)


realization
8

5.6 Frequency response from pole-zero location


( z z1 ) ( z z N )
H [ z ] b0
( z 1 )( z N )

1. Design zeros and poles according to


the notch/bandpass filter design
criteria. Substitute the designed zeros
and poles into the above equation to
get the transfer function.
2. Calculate the constant coefficient b0
according to the required maximum
gain.
3. Sketch the amplitude of system
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response.

Given y[n]+y[n-1]+0.16y[n-2]=x[n-1]+0.32x[n-2]
Example
1

With initial conditions y[-2]=1, y[-1]=0


a) Find the system transfer function H(z)
b) Find the amplitude and phase response
c) Find the canonic direct (Direct Form II) realization of the sys
d) Find the closed form impulse response h(n)
e) Find y[2] and y[3] when the system causal input signal x[n]

Change the delay form to advance form


y[n]+y[n-1]+0.16y[n-2]=x[n-1]+0.32x[n-2]
y[n+2]+y[n+1]+0.16y[n]=x[n+1]+0.32x[n]
E2y[n]+Ey[n]+0.16y[n]=Ex[n]+0.32x[n]
(E2+E+0.16)y[n]=(E+0.32)x[n]

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ample 2 (HW 5.6-7) notch filter to reject 5kHz,


e highest frequency to be processed is 20kHz
a) Find the proper sampling interval T
b) Find the zeros of the system transfer function H(z)
c) Find the poles of the system transfer function H(z)
d) Find the system transfer function H(z)
e) Sketch approximately the amplitude of system response with
key frequency and amplitude labeled.
T

1
1

25s
2 f h 40kHz

At 5kHz, T 2 5000 25 106

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Zeros : e j

Poles : ae j

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