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Introduction
Desain statsiun meter dan pengaturan (mtering and regulating
station) yang baik diperlukan untuk:
Sustained Safety
Accuracy
Pressure/flow control
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR PROPER DESIGNING
Many particulars are to be considered and assembled into
specifications and drawings to accomplish for proper
design objectives.
Pressure Conditions
Inlet pressure
Pressure Conditions
Outlet Pressure
Pressure Conditions
Type of Load
Noise
A metering / regulating station should preferably
have noise level less than 85 db (decibel)
Metering
Station Survey
Survey of metering
station should be done
very carefully because
design of meter and
regulating station
depend on this survey.
A poor survey can
result in undersize or
oversize design.
Sample
Station
Survey
%age of initial
Differential pressure
25
50
75
100
Example
Conditions
Working Pressure = 100psig, Flow Rate = 60,000 ft3/hr
Maximum Allowable Pressure Drop = 6 psig
Diferential Pressure for replacement of elements
= of Maximum Allowable Pressure drop =1/26= 3psig
Now 3 psig is the maximum pressure diferential limit for filter
element replacement. According to 75% plugged rule 3psig
(80 in W.C.) diferential will be experienced when filter
elements are 75% plugged. So the initial diferential pressure
needs to be 80 = 20 in W.C.
Example
2 FA AND FS FILTER CAPACITY TABLE
In the table see the capacity at the intersection of 100psig inlet pressure and 20 in
W.C. diferential pressure. The capacity is 66,000 ft3/Hr. which is good for given
conditions.
Removal of Condensate
Removal of condensate is accomplished by installing a
knock-out vessel at the inlet of the metering station.
Normally the direction of gas fluid is changed either by
putting an obstruction plate or by employing multiple
cyclones in parallel to remove liquid particles. The change
in velocity enables the liquid particles to drop down in the
bottom of the scrubber.
Line Heater
Pressure
Gas
Condensate
Gas
Hydrocarbon Dew
point Boundary
Temperature
Line Heater
Line Heater Selection is based on :
Normal inlet station pressure
Minimum outlet station pressure
Design flow rate
Inlet gas temperature
Outlet gas temperature required
Maximum pressure drop across Heater Coil at design flow
(less than 10 psi)
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of given
quality of gas to desired temperature is calculated from the
enthalpy curve.
Line Heater
Regulator Selection
Regulator Selection
Regulator Selection
Regulator Sizing
Most control valves are rated with a capacity term called Cv,
which is defined as the number of gallons of water per
Minute that will flow through the valve with 1 psi pressure
drop across the valve.
Cv = Q / (P 62.4/6)
Where Q = quality of water in gpm
P= Pressure drop in psi
Normally Cv or K values of the regulators are given by the
manufacturers and formulae for calculating the regulator
capacity at critical and non-critical flows are given. The
capacity tables can also be used.
According to AGAs recommendation
Regulator Sizing
If P is less than 8% of (P1) inlet pressure than use formula:
Qh = 76.99Cv(P(P1)) MSCF/Hr formula - 1
Otherwise use formula
Qh = 54.5 Cv (P(P1+P2)/2) formula - 2
Capacity Formula as given by diferent manufacturers
ROCKWELL (Now SENSUS)
Q = K (P0(P1-P0))
for P1/P0 < 1.894
Q = K P1/2
Single Port
Double Port
1/8
3/8
3/4
2 1/8
33
132
292
520
850
1300
2000
4270
5450
8880
17740
Regulator Sizing
Example:
P1 = Minimum inlet pressure = 100psia
P0 = outlet pressure = 60 psia
Capacity = 200,000 SCF/Hr
P1/P0 = 100/6- = 1.66 <1.894 use formula 1
200,000 = K (60(100 60))
K = 4081, so from the above table we can select the orifice
size of 1 having K=4270
for monitoring total capacity of both regulators is normally
taken as 70% of the capacity of a single regulator. So 2 dia
regulator with an orifice size of 1 will be selected
Regulator Sizing
Find Q for K=4081
Q=4270(60(100-60)) = 209,230 SCF/Hr
If monitoring is required,
calculated K=4081 will become
= 5830
Which means now we need an orifice size of 2 1/8 dia.
Which is available in 3 dia as RW-441-57S regulator. Its
MAOP is 175 psig which can handle inlet pressure of 100 psig
FISHER REGULATORS
Capacities can be calculated / regulator selected from the
software developed by them
Capacity tables can be consulted
Regulator Sizing
(FISHER
REGULATORS)
Formulas
(i) Q = P1(abs) (Cg) (1.29)
Important Considerations
A regulator is usually capable of having more than one orifice
size. MAOP of the regulator defines the maximum operating
pressure of the regulator body, but pressure rating for diferent
orifices may be less than MAOP. So great care should be taken
for the selection of orifice for a particular orifice size, otherwise
regulator would not provide tight lock-up.
Measurement
First of all determine the type of meter that will be best
suited for the load applications
In SNGPL following types of meters are generally used
Domestic / Low Capacity Commercial Metering Station
These consumers have very large variations in load which
require very high rangibility as such diaphragm meters
having rangibility of 1:100 are used
General Industry /High Pressure Large Capacity
Commercial Metering Stations
Comparatively lower fluctuations in load. Normally large
capacity diaphragm or positive displacement rotary meters
are used which have rangibility of 1:20
In case of process industry where it is not desirable to have
gas supply shutof, turbine meters are more suitable
Measurement
Large Capacity Meter Stations such as fertilizers
Cement and Power
Normally inferential meters, orifice or turbine meters are
used for such applications
Orifice meters have a rangibility of 1:3.5 and turbine meters
have rangibility of 1:18 (at 40) and 1:44 at a pressure of
75psig
For diaphragm and rotary meters there is no specific
requirement of straight upstream and downstream piping
Measurement
Selection of Diaphragm and Rotary Meters
Load in SCF /Hr (maximum and minimum)
Metering Pressure (Minimum)
In diaphragm meters the capacity does not increase
corresponding to the pressure factor, as such consult table
against the maximum load and minimum metering pressure
to find select the adequately sized meters
Company is presently switching over to rotary meters due
to their sustained accuracy, smaller size and non-adjusting
accuracy features
Measurement
Rotary Meter Selection
Calculate the pressure factor against the metering
pressure, suppose metering pressure = 40psig (min.)
P.F. = (40+14.65) / 14.65 = 3.73
Maximum load = 12,000 Cuft/Hr
Calculate uncorrected volume i.e. compressed volume of
the gas to be passed through the meter at metering
pressure = 12,000 / 3.73 = 3217 ft3/Hr
Divide this volume by 0.85 as a facor of safety = 3785
Capacities of rotary meters in company used are: RC3M175 = 3000 ft3/Hr , RC5M175 = 5000 ft3/Hr
RC7M175 = 7000 ft3/Hr , RC11M175 = 11000 ft3/Hr
Measurement
Measurement
Measurement
Q = 167,000
Fb= 167,000 / (1.291 118) = 10970 (given value of about 7 orifice dia.)
Now find the value of orifice dia from the tables of AGA-3
report
Meter run dia can be found by using ratio=d/D=0.5, hence
D= d/0.5, D=7/0.5 =14 pipe dia for meter tube
The meter run can also be sized by using a computer software
programme developed by manufacturers
Normally 100 diferential pressure recorder is used for
recording hw in the company
Provide maximum possible straight pipe upstream and
downstream of the orifice fittings as recommended in AGA-3
other pertinent instructions of AGA-3 should be followed
Gas Flow
Diaphragm /Rotary
Meters
ON/OFF VALVE
Pressure
Gauge
Regulators
Regulators
Regulators
Filter
ON/OFF VALVE
Meter
Gas Flow
ON/OFF
VALVE
Regula
tors
Gas Flow
Regula
tors
Met
er
Filte
r
Gas Flow
Gas Flow
Example
Other Information
Type of Industry = General Industry in Private Sector
Monitoring Required = Yes, by way of Data Logging
Delivery Pressure Required = Constant
Gas Quality = Probability of Presence of Dust
Example
Proposal
Type of Measurement = Meter with EVC will be suitable
Filters = Filters will be required for the removal of dust
Regulation = Pilot Operated with minimum droop
Filter
Pressure (minimum) = 40 + 15 = 55 psia
Q(max) = 20 MCF/Hr
Example
Regulators
P1/P0 = 55/23 = 2.39 >1.890
so, we will use Q = K P1/2 or K = 381
for K=381, orifice size of is suitable
for monitoring K=381/0.7 = 544 implied orifice size of
Consult Regulator catalog of various regulator manufacturers
and select regulator size with orifice or equilent
P0/P1 = 23/55 =0.41
use formula
Q= Pabs Cg 1.29
Cg = 20,000 / 1.29 55 = 281
Fisher 1 399 at 60% has Cg =359
Fisher 299 has Cg=200 and has Cg=430
So Fisher 299 will be selected for monitoring
Example
Example
Meter
Rangibility = 2:20 i.e 1:10
Diaphragm or Rotary Meters can be selected.
since Rotary meters are more rugged and EVC is required, we
will go for Rotary Meter with EVC
Minimum Metering Pressure = 40 psig
Pressure Factor = 40+14.65 / 14.65 =3.73
Uncorrected Volume = 20 /3.73 = 5.36 MCF/Hr
maximum flow through the meter should be 0.85 of the
maximum rated capacity of the meter.
so uncorrected volume for design purpose = 5.36/0.85=6.3MCF
RC 5M = 5 MCF
and
RC 7M = 7 MCF
So meter RC 7M175 with EVC or equivalent will be selected which
has connection size of 3
Example
Piping
Inlet Piping:
Inlet Pressure (Minimum) = 55
Qmax = 20 MCF/Hr
D = (0.7520,000)/(6555) = 2.00
Outlet Piping:
Outlet Pressure = 23
Qmax = 20 MCF/Hr
D = (0.7520,000)/(2350) = 3.16 4
To check if relative 2 dia section of pipe can be used against
calculated 4 dia pipe, assume pipe section = 1ft
Darcy Equation:
dp=(w/144)xfx(L/D)x(V2/2g)
dp=0.0471/1440.851/2(5050)/(232.17)
dp=0.0054 psig 0.148
Example
Filter
ON/OFF
P/VALVE
2 Pipe
32
Gas Flow
Diaphragm /Rotary
Meters
ON/OFF VALVE 2
32
Pressure
Gauge
Regulators
Example
Regulators
2 dia.
Filter
22
ON/OFF VALVE 1
Meter
12
12
6
3
Gas/Air Flow
Pipe Dia. 2
1/2 Needle Valve
(0 100psig)
Tee to be connected
with Air Compressor
ON/OFF VALVE 1
Height from
Floor 42
2.
Q in MSCF
Calculations
Inlet valve
since pipe sizing =2 so we will first analyze 2 dia valve
F=0.43 (from table)
Assume = dp=1psi , Q=20MSCF/Hr, Pressure=55psia
Z=0.98
Use dp=0.116F/Pabs Z(Qscfh/A)2
1=0.1160.43/550.98(20/A)
A2=0.355 or A=0.6
From table for A=0.6, 1 dia valve is sufficient. However for
symmetry 2 dia valve can also be recommended, which
will provide lower diferential pressure.