WCDMA

Network
Overview
This presentation will you some basic
knowledge of how our CS Nodes have
evolved.

Contents
Core Network Evolution
o Release Evolution of WCDMA

R99 Core Network

o Function Entity of R99 Core Network
o Interfaces in R99 Network

R4 Core Network
o
o
o
o

Function Entities
Interface and Protocol
R4 Features
Distributed Architecture R4 Networks

R5 Core Network
o R5 Features
o IP Multimedia System (IMS)
o SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)

Core Network (CN)

Evolution
CN includes a series of physical entities to realize
user location management, network function and
service control, such as (G)MSC, HLR, SCP,
SMC,GSN etc.
CN can be divided into three types: Home
Network Domain, Transit Network Domain and
Transit Network Domain

DIVISION OF CORE
NETWORKS

Release Evolution of WCDMA

R99 Core Network

R99 is the original standard for UMTS WCDMA based
networks. HSDPA is an add on to R99/UMTS networks
which adds a shared high speed downlink packet
channel.
Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS
domain is based on original GSM network. PS domain is
based on original GPRS network.
CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service.
Network mode can support TDM, ATM and IP. Physical
entities include switching equipment (such as MSC/VLR,
GMSCs), and inter-working equipment (IWF).
PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service.
Network mode is IP. Physical entities include SGSN,
GGSN, CG , BG etc.

Function Entity of R99 Core Network

Function entity shared by CS domain and PS :
o HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management
and location information management ;
o VLR: to deal with all kinds of data information
of current mobile subscriber ;
o AUC: to store authentication information of
mobile subscriber ;
o EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;
o SMS: Short Message Center.

Function Entity of R99 Core Network

Function entity of CS domain:
o MSC: to realize switching and signaling control
function of circuit service.
o GMSC: to realize addressing function for
different network.
o GMSC and MSC can be integrated together or
separated independently.
o IWF: integrated together with MSC, to realize
inter-working with PLMN and ISDN, PSTN , PDN
(Mainly complete signaling transfer function),
its functions can be defined based on specified
services and network types.

Function Entity of R99 Core Network

Function entity of PS domain:
o SGSN: to realize packet switching function,
signaling control function and route function of
packet service.
o GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain
and external data network.
o CG: to realize billing function of packet service.
o BG: to realize inter-working of two GPRS
network and guarantee the security of
network.

Interfaces in R99 Networks

Interface between CN and RAN/BSS:
o A Interface: to realize mobile station management,
base station management, mobility management and
call processing, etc.
o Gb interface: to realize packet data transmit and
mobility management.
o Iu-CS interface: to realize RNS management, mobility
management and call control function.
o Iu-PS interface: its basic function is similar to Iu-CS
interface.

Interfaces in R99 Networks

CS internal interface
o B interface (MSC-VLR): A private interface between VLR and MSC.
It is used for the MSC to query the current location information of a
Mobile Station (MS) from the Visit Location Register (VLR), or
request the VLR to update the current location information of the MS
or is used for the operations of supplementary services.
o C interface (MSC-HLR): to get MSRN, the IN service related
subscriber status and location information.
o D interface (VLR-HLR):used to exchange the location information
of the MS and the subscriber management information.
o E interface ( between MSC): to be used for handover process
between two MSCs.
o F interface (MSC-EIR) : to be used for EIR to verify IMEI status
information of mobile equipment.
o G interface (between VLR): to exchange IMSI and authentication
information when MS moves from one VLR to another VLR.

Interfaces in R99 Networks

PS internal interface
o GS interface (SGSN-HLR) : to exchange mobile
location information and manage subscriber signed
information. It is similar to C interface.
o Gn, Gp interface (SGSN-GGSN) : GTP is adopted,
used for establish tunnel and transmit data packet
between GSN equipment.
o Gc interface (GGSN-HLR) : optional.
o Gf interface (SGSN-EIR)
o Gi interface (GGSN external network).

Interfaces in R99 Networks

Common interfaces shared by CS and
PS
o Gs interface (MSC/VLR-SGSN): used for combined
location update between MSC and SGSN) .
o H interface (HLR-AUC): used for authentication and
ciphering. It is a private interface.

R4 Core Network

Function Entities
MSC Server: control layer, to realize MM (mobility
management), CM ( call control), MGC (media
gate control) .
MGW bearer layer, to realize the exchange of
voice and media flow, and provide all kinds
sources, such as TC, EC, play announcement
and receive DTMF.
SG: to realize signaling transfer from MTP (SS7
transmission layer) to SCTP/IP (SIGTRAN
transmission layer).

Interface and Protocol

Mc interface ((G)MSC Server
MGW) : H.248 is adopted, to realize
the flexible connection processing
for multi call mode, multi media
Nc interface (MSC Server
(G)MSC Server) : to realize the
inter-office call control. It adopts
BICC protocol
Nb interface ( Between
MGWs) to realize the transfer of
control and user information (voice,
data, picture, media) in bearer
layer and realize the transfer of
different media frame format.
RTP/UDP/IP and AAL2/ATM protocol
is adopted.

R4 Features

Bearer and Control Separated.

Four Layer Architecture
Embedded SG Saves transmission link
Centralized Service Control
Distributed Architecture Flexible networking

Distributed Architecture
R4 Networks
The advantage of
distributed networking

o Traffic route is the best,

network performance is
the best.
o Mostly suitable for the
operators with wide
coverage.

R5 Core Network

R5 Features
3GPP R5 Features:
o Inherit all the WCDMA R4 service and functions.
o IMS ( IP Multimedia System) is added based on PS, CS of R5 is
consistent with that of R4.
o Iu interface can select IP and ATM. IP based is a trend of
networking.
o IP QoS is enhanced.
o Services are enhanced, such as OSA, Push Services

R5 realizes ALL IP network put forward by 3GPP.

o IP will become the bearing technology for all signaling
message and change the original call flow.

IP Multimedia System
(IMS)

IP Multimedia System
(IMS)
CSCF : Call Session Control Function
o Is divided into P/S/I three types based on its function and location.
P-CSCF(Proxy CSCF) It is the first connection point for subscriber
in IMS and provide Proxy function. It can receive service request
and transfer them, but can not modify the Request URI field in
INVITE message; P-CSCF also can provide user agent function (UA),
it can interrupt and independently produce SIP conversion at
abnormal case.
S-CSCF(Serving CSCF) S-CSCF is the core control of IMS, it is
responsible for UE to register, authenticate and conservation
control, realize conservation route function for calling and called
IMS user. According to subscriber signed IMS triggered rule, it can
trigger the value added service route to AS and control service
negotiation.
I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF): similar as IMS gateway node, provide
node distribution, route query and IMS Topology Hiding Internetwork function.

IP Multimedia System
(IMS)
HSS : The Home Subscriber Server.
o HSS stores the IMS subscriber signed information, including basic
identity, route information and service signed info. Centralized
database, located at the top of IMS core network. It stores the following
information:
IMS subscriber identity (including public and private identity),
number and address information.
IMS subscriber security context: ciphering information for subscriber
to access network for authentication, roaming restrict information.
IMS subscriber route information: HSS supported route information,
registration information and location information.
IMS subscriber service signed information: including other AS value
added service data.

SIP (Session Initiation

Protocol)
SIP means Session Initiation Protocol
It is application layer control protocol, used to setup, modify, and
terminate multimedia session (including meeting). For example,
internet telephone call.
Originally derived from MBone experiment in 1996.
In 1999, It was adopted as RFC2543 standard by IETF-MMUSIC work
group.
In 1999, SIP work group was established independently, later, two
work group named as SIPPING and SIMPLE was newly set up, which
is mainly devoted to SIP.
In the July of 2002, it is turned to the new standard RFC3261.
Most of the content was re-written. It is more clear and precise and
some new features were added.
Most of contents keep the backward compliance with RFC2543.

SIP Features
Based on text code.
Only concern about setup, modify and terminate
the conservation. SIP-URL is used to indicate the
resources or subscribers needed to be visited.
Flexible extended and powerful negotiation
mechanism: Supported, Unsupported, Require,
ProxyRequire, Allow, Accept.
Simple networking provides the flexibility,
reliability and expandability. Relay equipment
(Proxy and Redirector) need not to care about the
message content, just transfer transparently.

SIP Stack