Problem 4

router
1
T
T

k
.
r

.
g

r r
r
t

rint Tint

Touter

a) The above temperature distribution is a solution of the

reduced form of the 1D general conduction equation. Write the
form of this reduced equation, list assumptions you made and
specify the corresponding boundary conditions for this problem.

1
T
T

k .r
.g c
r r
r
t
Assumptions:
1D radial conduction
Steady-state
Constant thermal conductivity coefficient
No heat generation in the ceramic layer

Boundary conditions (B.C.): @

r rint

d dTc
(r
)0
dr dr

T Tint

r router T Touter

b) Find the expression for the temperature distribution in the wire

1
T
T

k
.
r

.
g

r r
r
t

Boundary conditions

b) Find the expression for the temperature distribution in the wire

The reduced 1D conduction equation in the wire is: (the same assumptions, but
this time, there is heat generation)

1
T
k w .r
.g 0
r r
r
Boundary conditions (B.C.): @

r rint

T Tint

r0

dT
0
dr

Integrate twice and use B.C. to find expressions for integration constants.


T
k
.
r
w
g r
r
r
T
g r 2
k w .r

C1
r
2
T
g r
1
T

C1
for r 0
0 C1 0
r
2k w
kwr
r
T
g r

r
2k w
2
2
g r 2
g rint
g rint
Tw (r )
C2 for r rint Tint
C2 C2
Tint
4k w
4k w
4k w
2
g r 2 g rint
Tw (r )

Tint
4k w 4k w

2
g (rint r 2 )
Tw ( r )
Tint
4k w

Subscripts: w=wire, c=ceramic, int=interface, outer=outer surface

c) Formulate the heat flux balance on the interface and write it as an equation
involving, temperatures, radii and thermal conductivities.
On the interface the heat flux leaving the wire is equal to the heat flux entering
the ceramic. Using Fourier law:

dTw
kw
dr

r int

dTc
kc
dr

r int

d) Determine the temperature at the interface of the wire and the ceramic layer.
find derivatives of

Tc (r ) and Tw (r )

and insert their values at

to the flux balance at the interface:

Tc (r )

ln( r
ln(

rint

router

rint

(Touter

ln(r )(Touter Tint ) ln(rint )(Touter Tint )

Tint ) Tint

Tint
router
router
ln(
)
ln(
)
rint
rint

dTc 1 (Touter Tint )

00
r
dr r ln( outer )
rint
2
2
g (rint r 2 )
g (r 2 ) g (rint )
Tw (r )
Tint

Tint
4k w
4k w
4k w

dTw g (2r )

00
dr
4k w

Use a flux balance at the interface:

dTw
g ( 2r )

dr
4k w

dTw
kw
dr

r int

dTc
kc
dr

dTc 1 (Touter Tint )

dr
r ln(router )
rint

r int

g (2rint )
1 (Touter Tint )
kw
kc
4k w
rint ln(router )
rint
To obtain the temperature at the interface

Tint

2
r
g (rint ) ln( outer

2k c

rint

Touter

45 x105 (0.0075) 2 0.0105

Tint
ln
(35 273.15)
0
.
0075
2 x1.3
(32.73 35 273.15) K 340.88 K

e) Find the temperature at the centreline of the resistance wire.

g (rint 2 r 2 )
Tw (r )
Tint
4k w
for r 0
2
g (rint 0)
Tw (0)
Tint
4k w

45 x105 (0.0075) 2
Tw (0)
340.88 3.72 340.88 344.6 K
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