Study

and
thinking
skills

1.Library
Comes from the greek word
Librarium.
A house of books in the school
(a place for custody)

KINDS OF READING
MATERIALS

*Fiction
*Non-Fiction
*General
References

-All stories your

reading are fantacy
mode by people.
(ex. Drama, Nobels,
True story, etc. )
-Books of
information that are
REAL.
-A largest parts of
materials in library
(ex. Dictionary,
Encyclopedia,

*Periodicals

-Magazines, Journal, Newspape

-Also known as Non-book mate

*Special Reference's
Materials
Two arrangement of books in the library

D.D.C. (Dewey Decimal

Classification)
=In school (small)
L.L.C. (Library of Congress
Classification)
=In the town, bog,
subgroup, and subdivision

The group of library

000-099= General
words
100-199=
Philosophy
200-299= Religion
300-399= Social
Science
400-499=

-(Encyclopedia,
Almanac,
Dictionary)
-(Human, Theory,
About people etc.)
-(Bible, Coral, Our
daily bread etc.)
-(Psychology, Law,
Polities, sociology
etc.)
-(English)

500-599= Pure
Science
600-699= Applied
Science
700-799= Arts &
Recreation
800-899=
Literature
900-999=

-(Chemistry, Biology,
Technology, Botany,
Zoology etc.)
-(Agriculture, Crops,
Animals, Soil, Plants)
-(Music, Paintings,
Dance, Drawings)
-(Essay, Fiction,
Stories, Fantacies
etc.)
-(Magimbento ng
papel etc.)

Card Catalog
- Contains of
information in library.
- To locate the book
easily.
- Specific information

4 types of card catalog

1. Tittle Card
2. Author Card
3. Subject Card
4. Cross
Reference or
See also card

-Tittle of the
book
-Name of the
author
-Subject of
the book

Section of Library
1. The Circulation
Section
2. Reserved
Section
3. Reference
Section
4. Periodical
Section

-Contains general
collection, action,
non-fiction can be
borrow.
-Baggage Counter,
reserve section
limited.
-Books containing
specific FACTS.
-Very timely

5. Audio Visual
Room (AVR)
6. Material Center
7. Multi Media
Center

- Visualizing and
listening music
- Non-book
materials
- Include modern
technology

Research Section
Encyclopedia- A book or set of
books giving information on many
subjects or on many aspects of
one subjects and typically
arranged alphabetically.
Dictionary- A book or electronic
resource that lists the words of a
language (typically in alphabetical
order) and gives their meaning.
Biographical Dictionary- Is
information about a persons life or

Yearbook- an annual publication

giving current information and
listing event or aspects of the
previously year, especially in a
particular field.
Atlas- Is a book of MAPS or some
type of information that includes
pictures and/or tables & charts.
Almanac- An annual calendar
containing important dates &
statistical information such as
astronomical data & tides tables.

Indexes- An alphabetical
lists of names, subjects,
etc. w/ references to the
places where they occur,
typically found at the end
of a book.
Bibliography- Is the
history or systematic
description of books, their
authorship, printing,

Periodicals- is timely every week or

everyday they change.

1. Magazine
2. Journal

-More on showbiz,
lifestyle
-Is all about
academics

3. Newspaper
-A set of large
sheets of paper
that have news,

TWO TYPES OF
PERIODICALS
General
Periodicals

Professional
Periodicals

-This contain
articles of
different subjects
(For
Entertainment).
-This contain for
thesis or
professional
journals.

Context Clues- Are

hints found within a
sentence, paragraph, or
passage that a reader
can use to understand
the meanings of new or
familiar words.

The different types of context

1.
Definition/Explanation Clues
clues

- Sometimes a words or phrases meaning is

explained Immediately after its use.
EXAMPLE: Haberdashery, which is a store that
sells mens clothing, is becoming more common
today.
2. Synonym Clues
- Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a
simple way.
EXAMPLE: Lou was sent to the haberdashery
to find a new suit. He needed to wear one for his
uncles wedding.
3. Antonym Clues
- Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by
the presentation of the opposite meaning
somewhere close to its use. Look for signal words
when applying context clues.

LANGUAG
E

Expression
and
(Webster)
communication of
emotion or ideas between
human beings by means
of hearing that
systematized and confirm
by usage among the

Language theories
Behaviorists- They believe
that language can learn
throw imitation &
reinforcement repeatition.
Cognitivist- They believe
that language is mental
penomenon.
Functionalists- They
believe in the power

READING

Is a cognitive process
of decoding,
comprehending, &
retaining symbols to
derive meaning from
a text.

Three Component of reading

1.Decoding- Refers to the process
of translating symbol.
2 types of decoding
skills
*Word Attack Skills- Use another
book to understand
*Identification Skills- Your ability
2.Comprehending- It is the level of
understanding of a text.
3.Retaining- The condition of
keeping something in your mind.

Factors to consider in
reading

1.Motivation
2.Intelligence
3.Interest
4.Language
Facilities

Stages of Reading Development

Stage 0:
Stage 1:
Stage 2:

Pre-reading to Preschool
(Ages 6months to 6years).
Initial Reading and
Decoding- grade 1 and
beginning grade 2 (Ages 7
and 8years).
Confirmation and fluencygrade 2 and 3 (Ages 9 to
13).

Stage 3:

Reading for learning

the new grades 4 to 8
(Ages 9-13).

Stage 4:
Multiple Viewpointshigh school, grades 10
to 12 (Ages 15-17).
Stage 5:
Construction and
Reconstruction-

Different Level of Comprehension

Literal
Level 1:
Level 2: Comprehension
Level 3: Interpret
Comprehension
Level 4: Critical
Level 5: analysis/Critical
Evaluation
Application and

Types of Retention
1.Long term memory
2.Short term memory
Purpose why we read
1.To be knowledgeable
2. To teach other people
3. Be more effective

Different kinds of reading

1. Skimming
2. Scanning
3. Idea Reading
4. Exploratory
Reading
5. Analytic
Reading

Fastest and
easiest kind of
reading
-Target word
looking page by
page
-To get the main
idea
-To know how the
whole selection is
presented
-

6. Critical Reading

7. Nareotic Reading
8. Extensive
Reading

-Makes

the reader
weigh facts,
information or ideas
presented in the
selection to form
comments.

-If sad, depress or etc.

you will read
9. Intensive Reading -Not interested but
force to do
10. Developmental
-Your interested to the
Reading
subject.

Why taking test?

1. To test your knowledge
2. To test how you will remember
specific information
3. To develop your skills when it
comes
to of
study
Two
types
testand thinking
skills
1.Objectives- Remember specific
names, dates, terns, and
definition
2.Essay-a short piece of writing on
a particular subject

How to prepare objectives?

1. Know what would be
included in the test.
2. Gather the materials you will
need such as textbook study
notes,
homework/assignment.
3. Review your notes and
assignment pay attention to
names, dates, terms, and
definition, if your note are

Steps Taking Objectives

1. Always remember read the
direction closely.
2. Skim the rest of the test note
how many question there are
which ones are easy complete
first the easy question then the
difficult one.
3. Note how much time you have
far the test and figure out how
much time you can spend on

Types of objectives
1.

Multiple Choice QuestionAsk you to choose the correct

from 3 or more options.
a. Read the question
carefully
b. Read all the choices
before you answer
c. Eliminate choices that
you know incorrect

. True or False QuestionAsk to determine whether

the statement is true or
false.
a. Read the question
carefully
b. Look to see if any part
of the statement is false the
if you
c. If all the parts of the

3. Fill Out the Blank QuestionAsk to fill out the missing word of
the statement.
a. Read the question carefully
b. Write specific answer using
the terminology found in your note
or textbook
c. Try to fill out all the blanks
4. Short Answer IdentificationAsk to answer a question with a
word or a phrase or with one or two
sentences.
a. Read the question carefully

5. Matching Question- Ask you to

match the items w/ one list w/ the
items in another list.
a. Read the direction carefully,
some direction may explain that
you do not have to use all the items
other directions will inform you that
you may use some items ones
b. Read both list and know how
they are related
c. Skim through the item
identify the easy ones then the
difficult ones, if you have answered

Preparing Essay Test

Essay test are intended to
measure your understanding
of what you have learned.
You express your
understanding by writing an
essay of one paragraph or
more.
To prepared essay test,
reread the appropriate parts

Taking Essay Test

1. Read the direction closely.
2. Skim the rest the test.
3. If you have a choice of essay
question, decide which ones
will you answer.
4. Figure out how much time
you can spend on each
question.
5. Begin by reading the
directions carefully.

Stages of Writing Process

a. Prewriting- Gather ideas for
your answer.
b. Writing- Use your prewriting
notes to help you write your
answer, begin by the writing
either the topic sentence of a
paragraph or the thesis
statement of a composition.
c. Revising- In this cases reread
the question and your answer to
make sure that you have

Answering the Different

Kinds of Essay Question

Essay question
generally ask you to
complete one of
several tasks, Each of
these tasks is
expressed by a verb.
The following list show

Essay Test Question

(Key Verbs)
Task

Behavioral Objective

Analyze

Take something apart to show how each

part works.

Compare

Point out likeness or differences.

Compare

Point out differences or likeness.

Compare and
Contrast

Point out similarities and differences.

Describe

Give a picture in words or an account of.

Enumerate
Demonstrate
and
illustrate
Discuss

List, outline, trace list events, show

Show
or provide examples to support a
development.
point.
Explain or give reason for something.

Interpret

Give the meaning or significance of

something.

Taking Down Notes

WHAT ARE NOTES?
Notes are pieces of
information sifted from a
body texts read or heard.
These are generally the key
points of said texts and are
taken down to make the
studying of their source

NOTE TAKING TECHNIQUES.

NOTE TAKING is a way of life in
college. The volumes of the lessons
to be read and the many lectures
to be listened to in and out of the
classrooms are simply difficult to
remember as they are. You have to
sift from them only those
information that you think are
important and are of use to you. If
you do this efficiently, yours is the
major prize of better

a. Note-taking can be self-styled

and designed. This means taking
down important points according to
your own codes and devices. For as
long as you can decipher and
transcribe them when you go over
them and when you will use them,
then, they are notes well-taken.
b. Note-taking is faster with the
use of abbreviations. Be sure
however, that the soonest time you
can, you transcribe your notes,
spelling out all abbreviations.

The following abbreviation may

be helpful:
& - and

w/ - with

# - number

% - percent

$money/dollar

+ - plus

= - equals

< - less
than

> - more
than

Lbs. - pounds

gr. - gram

Ltd. - limited

Vol. - volume

p. - page

pp. - pages

Qty. quantity

amt. amount

w/o without

w/n within

s/b should
be

Omitting vowels
prk- pork

Cntrysd countryside

Prsdnt - president

Brrl - barrel

Dvlpmnt development

Sntr - senator

Fnd - fund

Prgrm - program

Cngrssmn congressman

Writing in Acronyms:
OP
Office of the
President
CHS College of the
Holly Spirit
PSG - Presidential
Security Guard
LP
Lyceum of the
Philippines

Clipping Words:
Trigo Trigonometry
Socio Sociology
Exam examination

Theo - theology
philo philosophy
lab - laboratory

The TIPS technique of Brown and Miller.

TIPS stands for the following:

T for Topic expressed in a word

or a phrase.
I for Idea which is the main idea
expressed in one sentence.
P for Point/s which is/are the
idea/s or point/s like facts,
examples, reasons, etc. that
support the main idea.
S for Summary which is the
summary or the synthesis of the

This technique is either linear or spatial.

The linear TIPS produces linear notes
while the spatial TIPS produces spatial
notes. If you use this paragraph, these
types of notes will appear as follows:
BIOLOGY is the science of life, including
all studies dealing with the nature,
structure, function, and behavior of
living things. Biology is concerned not
only with the myriad forms that living
things may have but also with their
evolution, their development, and their
relationships to their environment.
Because it is too broad a science to be
investigated by any single person,

Example of TIPS linear

notes:
Topic Biology as a branch of
science.
Idea Biology is a broad science of
living things.
Points a. deals with the nature,
structure, function and behavior of
living things.
b. also deals with their
evolution, development, and
relationship to the environment.
Summary Biology is a broad

In phrase form and

sentence form outlines,
every topic is numbered,
usually beginning with the
Roman Numerals (I, II, III, IV,
etc.); then descending to the
subtopic using the big letters
of the alphabet (A, B, C, D, E,
etc.); then further descending
to the sub-subtopic using the
Arabic Numbers ( 1, 2. 3, 4, 5,

Example:
An outline In Phrase Forms:
I. The meaning of reading
II. Enhancing reading skills
A. Pre-reading stage
1. Familiarizing yourself with
the reading material
a. your newspaper
b. your magazine
c. your book

2. Familiarizing yourself with the

reading selection
a. essay
b. short story
c. drama
d. poem
3. Determining your reading
purpose
a. scanning
b. skimming
c. thorough reading

B. Actual Reading Stage

1.Helping yourself in speed
a. indenting
b. columnar reading
c. proper phrasing
2.Helping yourself in
comprehension
a. overcoming vocabulary
problems
b. getting the literal

C. Post Reading Stage

1. Integrating to life the
reading experience
2. Taking down the important
information
a. from an essay
b. from a short story
c. from a drama
d. from a poem

Example:
An outline In Sentence Form
I.

Reading is a physical and mental activity

undertaken for a purpose.
II. A persons reading ability can be enhanced.
A. In the pre-reading stage by being familiar
first with the reading material and selection,
and by determining the purpose.
B. In the actual reading stage, by helping
yourself in speed through indenting,
columnar reading, or proper phrasing and by
helping yourself in comprehension through
overcoming vocabulary problem, getting the
literal meaning, getting the connotative
meaning in actual reading of sample essays,
short stories, dramas and poems.

Interpreting and Constructing Non-Prose

Forms

What are the NON-PROSE

FORMS?
The non-prose forms meant to
be taken up here are the
pictorial representations of
some messages for a given
text.
TABLES are pictorial
representations of numerical or

INTERPRETING
TABLES
Examples: A spot table with
NUMERICAL DATA.
MayFLAVORS
1998 sales
volume
of gold label
181522-28 29TOTAL
31
ice cream 7 14 21
Almond
Cappuccino
Buko Melon
Fruit Salad
Super Mocha
Rocky Road
Ube Macapuno

66
60
70
66
67
68
388

Weekly Total:

64
67
69
66
64
61

61
55
65
70
73
65

58
57
68
69
70
68

62
60
72
66
72
70

391

389

390

401

303
299
344
336
346
332
1,960

A spot table with NONNUMERICAL DATA

CRYPTOGRAMS

PHANEGRAMS

Ferns
Mosses
Algae
Fungi

Conifers
Cacti
Water Lilies
Sunflower

A sample table:
TOURIST ARRIVALS IN MAY, 1998.
Americans
Englishmen
Frenchmen
Spaniards
Germans
Puerto Ricans
Japanese
Taiwanese
Koreans
Malaysians
Indonesians
Pakistani
Jordanian

5,435
2,006
1,890
2,072
5,234
1,351
7,045
4,674
3,216
3,004
2,008
1,352
1,023

GRAND TOTAL:

40,310

A complex table:
AIRPLANE
S

MON

TUE

WED

THUR

FRI

SAT

SUN

PAL

2PM

2PM

3PM

3PM

8AM

8AM

6AM

JAL

6AM

6AM

7AM

7AM

2PM

2PM

5PM

KAL

8AM

8AM

10AM

10AM

3PM

3PM

6PM

CAL

10AM

10AM

5PM

5PM

10AM

10AM

8AM

NORTHWES
T

4PM

4PM

1PM

1PM

6AM

6AM

10PM

To Interpret Tables With

Numerical Date:
1.State the main heading
or the title.
2.State the total figure
given.
3.State the subheadings
running horizontally.
4.Then, take up each
horizontal heading
vertically.

To Interpret Tables With

Non-Numerical Data
1.State the main heading
or the title.
2.State the subheadings
running horizontally.
3.Then take up each
horizontal subheading
vertically.
4.Then compare data that
call for comparison.

a GRAPH is a
figure that
provides a
pictures of the
relationship
between two
variable and

1. Bar Graph
6
5
4
3

Serie
s1

2
1
0

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

2. Line graph
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1
Series 2
Series 3

 a BAR GRAPH provides units

of measurement for visual
comparison and can begin on
the horizontal or vertical line.
To Interpret Graphs:
1. State the main heading or the
title.
2. State the grand total of the
figure given.
3. State the variables running
vertically.
4. State the variables running
horizontally.

 a CHART is also like a

graph because it is also
a figure that illustrates
relationships. But, unlike
the graph, this is not
potted on a coordinate
system, it may be a pie
chart, an organizational
chart, or a flow chart.
a PIE CHART is a circle

1. pie chart
Sales
4th Qtr; 9%
3rd Qtr; 10%
2nd Qtr; 23%

1st Qtr; 59%

To Interpret a Pie Chart

1.Present the whole pie
with total figure it
represents.
2.Present its partitions
with the figure each
part represents.
3.Compare each part in
its size of
representation.

a ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
is a pictorial illustration of the
hierarchy of administrative
ranks or functions.
To Interpret An
Organizational Chart:
1. Present the name of the
organization.
2. Name its components from
the top post to the bottom,
and giving as well their

1.
Organizational
chart

Teaching
Professors

Pres.

VP-Personal

VP-Finance

VPAcademic
affairs

Nonteaching
registrar

Treasurer

Executive
dean

a FLOW CHART traces a

process of an activity. It
shows the step by step
procedure in doing
something.
To Interpret a Flow chart
The chart explain itself.
With the data given in a
sequential pattern, the most
that can be done about it is

3. FLOW CHART
1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

SURVEY

QUESTI
ON

READ

SQ3
R

REVIEW

RECITE

 SURVEY: Record important titles,

subtitle. Pictures, vocabulary
words.
QUESTION: Ask yourself.
READ: Write answer to the
question above.
RECITE: Record key facts and
phrases as needed.
REVIEW: Create a summary

Different learning style in

RECITE
1.Linguistic
2.Logical
3.Visual
4.Musical
5.Kinesthetic
6.Intrapersonal
7.Interpersonal
8.Naturalist

Memory and
Concentration
1.Relax
2.Avoid being negative
3.Take an active role
4.Make association

2 Kinds of
Motivation
Internal
External

Sense of Purpose
1.Competency
2.Awareness
3.To be flexible
4.Time
management

THANKYOU
ENGLISH

PREPARED BY:

JONEL
GAMBOA
BS-ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1-A

PREPARED TO:

Sir. Joezer Santos