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Complications
(Fracture)
Presentator :
Introduction
Complication : an adverse event that occurs
General Complications
Shock
General Complications
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
(ARDS)
Clinical features:
Treatment strategy
Tetanus
Pathology :
anaerobic clostridium
(C.Welchii) which
produces a toxin that
destroys cell wall leading
to tissue necrosis
Symptoms:
Symptoms :
Gas Gangrene
Therapy :
Treatment:
General Complications
Crush Syndrome
Trapped limb
Deprived blood flow, tissue
begin to die, toxic metabolic
accumulates
When freed reperfusion
injury (reactive O2
metabolites)
Failure in capillary & muscle
cells ion pumps swelling
compartment syndrome
further ischaemia
Toxic metabolic in circulation
hiperK, hypoCa, metabolic
acidosis cardiac arrest
Muscle breakdown large
load of myoglobin excreted
by kidney renal failure
Management :
Prevention; during
prolonged extrication,
ensured high urine flow
(large volume iv
crystalloid)
Compartment syndrome
fasciotomy
Provisional amputation
Local complications
Skin injuries
Remote
complications
Major artery
Major vein
Local Hemorrhage
Neurological
Injuries
Muscular injuries
Visceral injuries
Multiple injuries
Hemorrhagic shock
Local
complications
From without
From within
Vascular injuries
Early complications
Sequelae of
immediate
complications
Joint
complications
Bony
complications
Remote
complications
Fat embolism
Pulmonary
embolism
Pneumonia
Tetanus
Late
complications
Local
complications
Joint complications :
persistent joint
stiffness, degenerative
arthritis
Bony complications :
malunion/ nonunion/
delayed union, chronic
osteomyelitis,
Sudecks
posttraumatic painful
osteoporosis (RSD)
Muscular
complications :
myositis ossificans
Neurological
complications : tardy
nerve palsy
Remote
complications
Salter RB. Textbook of Disorders
and Injury of
Skin Injuries
Vessel
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Brachial
Presacral & internal iliac
Femoral
Popliteal
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
Neurological Complications
Location
Injury
1 Brain
Skull fractures
2 Spinal cord
3 Cauda equina
4 Sciatic nerve
Knee dislocation
6 Lateral popliteal
7 Ulnar nerve
8 Median nerve
9 Radial nerve
10 Circumflex
nerve
Shoulder
dislocation& Fractures. 8th
Appleys.
System
of Orthopaedics
ed. 2001
Salter RB. Textbook of Disorders and Injury of
Visceral Complications