Engine Dissection Project

Product Dissection 04/07/98
Engine Dissection Project

Your team is dissecting a 3.5 HP
single cylinder, 4 cycle engine,
made by Briggs and Stratton in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
These engines are typically used
in lawn mowers, snow blowers,
go-carts, etc
(ref. 2, Used by permission of Briggs and Statton, 1992, all rights reserved)
Engine.ppt - 1 of 20
Engine Dissection Project
Start engine.
Dissassemble engine.
Review parts and functions Ask questions!
Reassemble engine.
Re-start engine.
Write individual report on how engine works.
4 Cycle Process
1
Intake Valve
Intake
Manifold
Cylinder
Exhaust Valve
Exhaust
Manifold
Spark
Plug
Piston
Connecting
Rod
Intake Stroke
Intake valve opens,
admitting fuel and air.
Exhaust valve closed
for most of stroke
Crank
Crankcase
Compression Stroke
Both valves closed,
Fuel/air mixture is
compressed by rising
piston. Spark ignites
mixture near end of
stroke.
Power Stroke
Fuel-air mixture burns,
increasing temperature
and pressure, expansion
of combustion gases
drives piston down. Both
valves closed - exhaust
valve opens near end
of stroke
Exhaust Stroke
Exhaust valve open,
exhaust products are
displaced from cylinder.
Intake valve opens
near end of stroke.
Briggs Engine - Intake
Compression
Power Stroke
Exhaust Stroke
Venturi-type Carburetor
Air/Fuel Mixture To Engine
Bernoulli Effect:
P+1/2 V2 = Constant
Throttle Plate
Atomized Fuel
Valve Stem
Fuel Inlet
Float
Venturi
Choke Plate
Bowl
Constant level is
maintained in bowl
-as float moves
down,
valve stem moves
down, allowing more
fuel into bowl, float
moves up and closes
valve
Inlet Air
Fuel
Nozzle
Metering Orifice
Ref. Obert
How do engines work?

How does the engine complete these Primary Functions?
Hint
Get started?
Suck in fuel?
Suck in air?
Mix air and fuel?
Compress the mixture?
Ignite the mixture (at the right time)?
Make the combusting gases do work?
Make the work available to somebody?
Exhaust the gases?
Shut off?
Think about the parts and processes involved for each.

How do engines work?

How does the engine complete these Secondary Functions?
Hint
Stay lubricated?
Operate the valves at the right time?
Smooth out the power pulses?
Store the fuel?
Keep cool?
Make it easy to start?
Think about the parts and processes involved for each.

2 Stroke Process (for

comparison)
Compression
(ports closed)
Air Taken Into
Crankcase
Combustion
(ports closed)
Exhaust
(intake port closed)
Air compressed in crankcase
Scavenging
and Intake
(ports open)
Fuel Injection
port)
(electronic, multi-
Monitored Engine
Operating Conditions:
Manifold Pressure
Engine Speed
Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Acceleration
COMPUTER
TRIGGER
INJECTOR DRIVE UNIT

Pressure Regulator
Fuel
Filter
50 psi typical
Fuel
Pump
Injectors
FUEL TANK
Classification of Engines
External vs Internal Combustion

Spark Ignition SI or Compression Ignition CI
Configuration
Valve Location
2 Stroke or 4 Stroke
Engine Configurations
In Line
(Automobile)
Horizontally
Opposed (Subaru)
Radial (Aircraft)
V
(Automobile)
Opposed Piston
(crankshafts geared
together)
History of Internal Combustion (IC)

Engines
1860 Lenoirs engine (a converted
steam engine) combusted natural
gas in a double acting piston,
using electric ignition
History - continued
1876 Nikolaus Otto patented the 4 cycle engine, it

used gaseous fuel
1882 Gottlieb Daimler, an engineer for Daimler, left to
work on his own engine. His 1889 twin cylinder V was
the first engine to be produced in quantities. Used
liquid fuel and Venturi type carburetor, engine was
named Mercedes after the daughter of his major
distributor
1893 Rudolf Diesel built successful CI engine which
was 26% efficient (double the efficiency of any other
engine of its time)
Complementary Technologies
for IC Engine-powered
Automobiles
Pneumatic tires (1888, Dunlop)

Cheap liquid fuels (Oil industry born in PA 1859)
Venturi effect carburetor (1892, Willi Maybach)
Variable mechanical transmission (primitive type by
Levassor, 1891)
Electric starter (Kettering 1912)
Parts of
an IC
Engine
Name as many parts as you can
CROSS SECTION OF OVERHEAD VALVE FOUR CYCLE SI ENGINE


Cylinder head
Air cleaner
Choke
Throttle
Intake manifold
Parts of
an IC
Engine
Exhaust manifold
Piston rings
Piston
Wrist pin
Cylinder block
Connecting rod
Oil gallery to piston
Oil gallery to head
Crankcase
Breather cap
Rocker arm
Valve spring
Valve guide
Pushrod
Sparkplug
Combustion chamber
Tappet
Dipstick
Cam
Camshaft
Water jacket
Wet liner
Connecting rod bearing
Crankpin
Crankshaft
If you scored:
25 - 32 You are a certified Gear Head
15 - 24 Change your own oil
10 - 14 You really need this class
<10 Take your car to Jiffy Lube
Main bearing
Oil pan or sump

Engine Dissection Project

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Product Dissection 04/07/98