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POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

Characteristic
s of Different
types of soils

Black Soil

BLACK SOIL Also known as Regur or Black

Cotton soil. Dark grey to Black in color.
High clay content. Highly moist retentive.
Develops cracks in summer. Covers 5.4
lakh sq. km. Highly suitable for cotton.
Rich
in
iron,
lime,
calcium,Magnesium,carbonates,
and

Red
soil

RED SOIL Formed

due to weathering
of old crystalline
rocks. More sandy
and less clayey.
Rich in iron, small
amount of Humus.
Poor in
phosphorus,
nitrogen and lime.
Slightly acidic and
do not retain
moisture. 3.5
lakhs sq.km area.
Porous and

Laterite soil

LATERITE SOIL Latin

word meaning brick.
Formed under high
temperature and
rainfall with wet and
dry spell. Silica is
leached due to high
rainfall. oxides left
Remnants of iron and aluminum
behind is know as Laterite. Brown to
Yellowish color. Becomes hard when exposed
to atmosphere. Used as building material.

Desert
soil

DESERT SOIL Contains soluble salts.

Originated by Mechanical disintegration &
wind deposit. Porous and coarse. 90% sand
& 5% clay. Rich in Nitrates & Phosphates.
Poor in Nitrogen & Humus. Friable, sandy &
low moist content. 1.4 Lakh sqkm.

Mountain soil

MOUNTAIN SOIL Found in hill slopes. Formed

by deposition of organic matter from forest.
Rich in humus. Poor in Potash and Lime.
Areas: Assam, Kashmir, Sikkim & Arunachal
Pradesh. Crops: Tea, Coffee, Spices &
Tropical Fruits.

Saline & Alkaline

soil

SALINE & ALKALINE SOIL Contains

salts like Sodium, Magnesium,
Calcium.
Infertile,
unfit
for
cultivation. Sandy to loamy in
texture. Areas: Parts of Gujarat,
Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, U.P &
Maharashtra.

Peaty & Marshy soil

PEATY AND MARSHY SOIL Occur in Humid

region. Formed by accumulation of
organic matter. Black in colour. Highly
acidic and heavy. Areas: Kottayam &
Alleppey in Kerala, Coastal Orissa,
Sundarbans of W.B

Cohesive soil

A sticky soil, such as

clay or silt; its shear
strength equals
about half its
unconfined
compressive
strength.Soil in
which the absorbed
water and partical
attraction act such
that it deforms
plastically at
different water
Contents are known
as Cohesive soils or
clays. These soils

Residual soils

Residual soils are those that remain at the

place of their formation as result of the
weathering of the parent rocks. The depth of
residual soils depends primarily on climatic
conditions and the time of espouser. In
temperate zones residual soils are commonly
stiff and stable. An important characteristics
of residual soil is that the sizes of grains are
indefinite.

Alluvial soil

ALLUVIAL soil is formed when a soil-carrying stream

gradually loses its carrying capacity with decreasing
velocity. In slowing down, a river does not have
sufficient power to keep the large particles of soil
suspended; these particles settle to the riverbed. Further
decrease in velocity causes smaller particles to settle. These
particles are deposited, finally, at the mouth of the river,
where they form DELTAS of fine-grained soil.

Marine soil

MARINE soil is formed from materials carried

into the seas by streams and by material
eroded from the beaches by the tidal action of
the waves. Part of the material is carried
out and deposited in deep water; part is
heaped upon the beaches along the coast

Aeolian soil

A type of soil
that is
transported
from one
place to
another by
the wind.e.g
sand
dunes,loess.

Loam

Loamissoil
composed of
sand,silt, and
clayin
relatively even
concentration
(about 40-4020%
concentration
respectively).[1]
Loam soils
generally
andhumusthan sandy soils, have
better
contain
more
infiltration and drainage than silty
soils,
and
are easier totillthan clay soils.nutrients
Loams are
gritty, moist, and retain water easily.

Clay

Clayis a naturally
occurring
aluminium silicate
composed primarily of
fine-grainedminerals.
Claydepositsare
mostly composed of
clay minerals, a
subtype of
phyllosilicate minerals
, which impart
harden when fired or dried;
they also may
plasticityand
contain variable amounts of water trapped in
the mineral structure bypolar attraction.
Organic materialswhich do not impart
plasticity may also be a part of clay deposits.

Glacial soil

Glaciers carry with them soils

varying in size from fine grained to
huge boulder. Soil get mixed with
the ice and are transported far
away from their original position.
Drift is a general term used for the
deposits made by glaciers

SUBMITTED BY:
CLASS X GIRLS
SUBMITTED TO:
SITHARA
MISS