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GROUP TECHNOLOGY
GT is a manufacturing philosophy in which
similar parts are identified and grouped
together to take advantage of their
similarities in manufacturing and design.
Similar parts are arranged into part
families.
eg. A factory manufacturing 10000 different
parts may be categorized into 50 families.
PART FAMILY
A part family is a collection of parts which
are similar either because of geometric
shape and size or because similar
processing steps are required in their
manufacture.
Three methods of identifying part family:
1.Visual inspection
2.Part classification and coding schemes
3.Production flow analysis (PFA Chart)
Grouping according to
geometric similarities
Grouping according to
manufacturing similarities
Plant Layout
&
Group
Technology
Process type
Layout
GT
(Cellular)
Layou
Advantages of GT
Standardization of part design and minimization of
design duplication
New parts can be developed using previous similar
designs.
Data reflecting the experience of the part designer and
manufacturing process planner are stored in a database.
Process plans are also standardized and scheduled more
Setup times are reduced and parts are produced more
efficiently.
Similar tools, clamps, jigs, fixtures and machinery are
shared.
Needs to be implemented CIM, CAD/CAM and cellular
manufacturing. Potential savings 5 to 75 %.
efficiently.
Design Attributes:
Manufacturing Attributes:
Primary processes
Secondary and finishing processes
Tolerances and Surface finish
Sequence of operations
Tools, dies, fixtures and machinery
Production quantity and production rate
Coding Systems
Types of Coding:
Hierarchical coding (monocode)
Polycoding (chain type)
Decision-tree Coding (hybrid code)
Major Industrial Coding Systems:
Opitz System
Multiclass System
KK-3 system
Coding schemes
Hierarchical
1
1
1
2
2
31
3
2
Chain
1
2
3
.
.
1
2
3
.
.
OPITZ SYSTEM
12345 6789 ABCD
- Basic code consist of first 9 digits. This
convey both design and manufacturing
data.
-First 5 digit 12345 called form code
- Next 4 digit 6789 called supplementary
code
- Next 4 digit ABCD called secondary code
PFA PROCEDURE
1.DATA COLLECTION
2. SORTING OF PROCESS ROUTINGS.
3.PFA CHART
4. ANALYSIS
Hollier Method
1. Develop the From-To Chart
2. Determine the From/To ratio for each
machine by dividing the From-sum by
theTo-sum for each machine
3. Arrange the machines in order of
decreasing From/To ratios
Machines with high ratios are placed at
the beginning of the flow.
In the case of ties, place machines with
higher From values first.
GT LAYOUT
1.Single machine cell
2.Group machine cell with manual
handling
3.Group machine cell with semi-integrated
handling
4.Flexible manufacturing system(FMS).
GT Layout