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10 million species of organisms alive are today. It is estimated that 99.9% are now extinct. Adaptation-successful adaptations enable organisms to become better suited to their environment. Artificial Selection the intervention of humans ensures that only individuals with the more desirable traits produce offspring.
10 million species of organisms alive are today. It is estimated that 99.9% are now extinct. Adaptation-successful adaptations enable organisms to become better suited to their environment. Artificial Selection the intervention of humans ensures that only individuals with the more desirable traits produce offspring.
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10 million species of organisms alive are today. It is estimated that 99.9% are now extinct. Adaptation-successful adaptations enable organisms to become better suited to their environment. Artificial Selection the intervention of humans ensures that only individuals with the more desirable traits produce offspring.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. Darwin is the man who came up with the Theory of Evolution. In 1831 he went to different remote islands. The trip lasted for 5 years. 30 years later he actually published a book on his theory of Natural Selection. Diversity of Life 10 million species of organisms alive are today. It is estimated that 99.9% are now extinct. How many species have already died out? Fitness- the combination of physical traits and behavior is what helps organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. Common descent- if you look back far enough in time all species have shared or have common ancestors. More Definitions Adaptation-successful adaptations enable organisms to become better suited to their environment. James Hulton- In 1788 he proposed that rocks, mountains, & valleys had been changed gradually by rain, heat & cold. Fossils-preserved remains of ancient organisms. Definitions Again Geological Time Scale-over 100 years ago, researchers noticed that certain layers of rock often appeared in the same vertical order wherever they were found. Relative Dating-used to determine the age of fossils in different layers of rock. Last of The Definitions Radioactive decay- the break down into a non-radioactive element at a very steady rate. Half-life- a half life is the length of time required for half the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay. What are the definitions? • Relative Dating? • Radioactive Decay? • Half-Life? • Geological Time Scale? • Fossils? • James Hutton? • Adaptations? The influence of Geology Principle of geology by Lyell Older earth, (big idea of the day) Long period of time to evolve Saw a volcano erupt , helped him believe in geological phenomenon. Artificial Selection ♠ The intervention of humans ensures that only individuals with the more desirable traits produce offspring. The Influence of Farmers:Artificial Selection ☼Plant & animal breeders ☼Large corn plants vs. small ☼Some dairy breeds vs. others ☼Inherited variations ☼Farmers used variation to their advantage ☼Breeding stock, only most & best could mate. Influence of Malthus: • Thomas Malthus (1766-1834) • Observed that babies were born faster than people were dying. • Population Controls What were the ideas that shaped Darwin's theory of Evolution? Malthusian Doctrine Famine Disease War Overcrowd Mature maple tree could produce thousands of offspring. Even if one survived in the same spot it would overcrowd. Mussels millions of eggs→ alligators→ snakes→ turtles→ only certain offspring survive. Evolution by Natural selection Wild animals show similar tendencies like what domestic animals have. Deer- competition amongst males to be a suitor. Taller plants will receive sunshine. Plants that root deeply will get water. Animals competition for food- bird nests Survival of The Fittest Individuals whose characteristics are well suited to their environment survive. Individuals whose characteristics are not well suited to their environment either die or leave fewer offspring. Rattlesnakes with no rattles Beginning in the 19th century in England Peppered moth spend most of their time resting on the bark of oak tree trunks. Most of the oak trees in England were light brown, speckled with green. Most of the peppered moths at that time were light brown too. Some dark ones around, but few. Peppered Moths… Pollution from Industrial Revolution stained London trees dark brown. Suddenly scientists noticed the population of dark moths increased, and the light moths population decreased. WHY? Next slide Peppered Moths… Birds were the moths major predator. Birds can not see ones that blend in with tree trunks. ”Camouflage” The dark moths reproduced. Kettlewell- scientist who studied peppered moths. Genetics of Evolutionary Theory Darwin did not Today we define understand how fitness, traits were passed adaptation, on to each species, and generation. process of evolutionary change in genetic terms. Genetics Mendel- working on genetic theory same time as Darwin. Genes- are the carriers of inheritable characteristics, are also source of random variation. Meiosis- chromosomes are copied & shuffled like cards dealt out to gametes. Genetics continued… No organism can change its DNA, because it wants to. Some physical traits passed on by DNA are: widows peak tongue shape first finger ear Whole Organism In evolution the struggle for existence depends on the entire organism not individual genes. Brown eyes for example may or may not secure existence of organism- Entire combination Population Populations- a collection of individuals of the same species in a given area whose members can breed with one another. Example: all fishes of a certain species in a single pond can be one population. Individuals in another pond would be a different population. Gene Pool Gene Pool-group of genes in that population. Each gene contains a number of alleles. Alleles-certain gene at a given point on a chromosome- for each trait-including for recessive trait. Bla Bla Relative Frequency- the number of times an allele occurs in the gene pool compared with the numbers of times other allele for the same gene occurs. Evolution is any change in the relative frequency of alleles in the gene pool of a population -eyes-still no red or pink?