BAGIAN NEUROLOGI

REFERAT

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

FEBRUARI 2015

UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA

DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY

Disusun oleh:

Meinny Jean Lessy (2009-83-006)

Konsulen:
dr. Bertha Jean Que, Sp.S

DIBAWAKAN DALAM RANGKA TUGAS KEPANITERAAN KLINIK

PADA BAGIAN NEUROLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA
AMBON
2015

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Diffuse
Axonal
Injury

Usually
happen
ed,
Belongs
to TBI

AI can
be
focal,
multifo
cal and
diffuse

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

DEFINITION
Axonal injury is frequently a
consequence of traumatic
brain injury which may cause
other focal damage in the
brain
like
contusions,
lacerations or haemorrhage.
Depending on the severity of
trauma, the axonal injury can
be
focal,
multi-focal
or
diffuse.

ETIOLOGY
Diffuse

axonal injury (DAI) is

usually associated with rapid
angular (rotational) acceleration
and deceleration of the brain.

PATOPHYSIOLOGI

DIAGNOSING DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY

ANAMNESA

SYMPTOMS OF
DIFFUSE AXONAL
INJURY

SUPPORTING
TEST

If the patient has sustained a mild DAI and is conscious, we will

be asked a variety of questions including how the injury occured
and what symptoms the patient is experiencing, in addition to
questions designed to test the cognitive ability of the patient.
The main of DAI is conciousness, which can last up to six hours
or more. A person with a mild or moderate DAI who is conscious
may also show other signs of brain damage, dependinng upon
which area of the brain is most affected.

VEP

TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY

1
2
3

Immedate measures will be taken to reduce swelling

inside the brain, which can cause additional damage to
most cases a course of steroids of ather medications
designed to reduce inflammation and swelling will be
administered, and the patient will be monitored.

Surgery is not an option for those who have sustained a

diffuse axonal injury. If the patient has sustained a mild or
moderate diffuse axonal injury, the rehabilitation phase
will follow once the patient is stabilized and awake.

During this phase of treatment, the patient and his or her

family will work with a multidisiplinary staff including
doctor, nurses, physical and occupational theraapist, and
other specialists to devise an individualized traumatic
brain injury recovery program designed to returned the
patient to the maximum level of function.

Speech Therapy

The
rehabilitati
on phase
may
include

Physichal Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Recreational Therapy
Adaptive Equipment Taining
Counseling

PROGNOSIS
It is thought
that DAI can
occur
in
just about ev
severity, wit ery level of
h concussi n
o
thought to be on
e of the mild
forms. In mil
er
d
of DAI, recov to moderate forms
ery
mildest form is possible with
o
resulting in few f DAI often
if any long te
rm
issues.

About the 90% of survivors

with severe DAI remain
unconscious.
The 10% that regain
consciousness are often
severely impaired.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION
Diffuse

axonal injury is a
significant traumatic brain injury
which
involves
widespread
damage to axons in supra- and
infratentorial parts of the brain
and is graded 1-3, according to
the severtiry of pathology and
the likelihood of survival.
It should be differentiated from
focal or multi-focal axonal injury.