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Outline
Process of Valuation of a Financial Asset
Process of Valuation of Common Stocks
Determining parameters of models
How to determine the growth rate?
Length of growth period
How to determine the required rate of return
t=n CFt
Value = ---------t=1 (1+r)t
Two-Stage DDM
In general version of the model, two stages
of growth
An initial period of extraordinary growth
After initial period, a period of stable growth
n DPSt
Pn
g = b[ROA+D/E(ROA-I (1-t))]
Where b refers to the retention ratio
ROA is the return on assets
D/E is the debt to equity ratio in book
value terms
i = interest expense/book value of
debt
FCFE Model
n
FCFEt
Pn
(1 + r)n
FCFEn+1
Where Pn = ----------------(r gn)