1.

2 Your Science Laboratory

Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
work safely in the laboratory
use some common scientific apparatus
in the laboratory

 Scientists usually
laboratory.

work

in

You will also work in laboratory

when you carry out scientific
investigations during your science
lessons.

Laboratory safety rules

We need to work safely
in the laboratory.
Accidents can happen if
we are careless.

Keep the laboratory clean and tidy

 Wash all apparatus

after use.
Report any injured
or breakage to your
teacher
immediately.

o Enter the laboratory without your teachers

permission.

Drink

Eat

Taste chemical

Play

 There are many substances in the

science laboratory. Some of these
substances are hazardous.
We use hazard warning symbols to
show the danger of the substances.

Below are some common hazard warning

symbols.

Poisonous

Irritant

Flammable

Corrosive

Radioactive

Explosive

 Causes death or harm if

absorbed through the skin,
swallowed or inhaled.

Poisonous

Example : mercury, bromine and

sodium cyanide

Burns easily

Flammable

Example : ethanol, petrol and

kerosene

 Causes damages to skin and

eyes upon contact.

Corrosive

Example : concentrated sulphuric

acid and concentrated sodium
hydroxide

Causes discomfort to the body

Example : ammonia and chloroform

Irritant

Gives out radiation ( sinaran )

Radioactive

Example : plutonium and uranium

Explodes easily

Example : sodium and potassium

Explosive

Laboratory apparatus
To contain small
amount of chemicals
and for carrying out
reaction

Test tube

Laboratory apparatus
To contain chemicals
and for carrying out
reactions.

Beaker

Laboratory apparatus
To contain chemicals
and for carrying our
reactions.

Conical flask

Laboratory apparatus
To hold or clamp
apparatus

Retort stand

Laboratory apparatus
To measure the volume of
liquids

Measuring cylinder

Laboratory apparatus
Used
together
with a folded filter
paper to separate
solids from liquid

Filter funnel

Laboratory apparatus
To measure a small volume of
liquid accurately

Burette

Laboratory apparatus
To measure a fixed volume of a
liquid
1 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml and 25 ml

Pipette

Laboratory apparatus
To place test tubes
while we are not
using them

Test tube rack

Laboratory apparatus

To hold a test tube

while heating

Test tube holder

Laboratory apparatus
Bunsen
burner

Used to heat
things

rubber tubing
Collar base

heat
proof
mat

air-hole
chimney
or barrel

Bunsen burner labeled diagram

Luminous flame

Back

Non-luminous flame

Luminous flame
( yellow flame )

Non-luminous flame
( blue flame )

Get yellow flame when

the air-hole is closed

Get blue flame when the

air-hole is open

Flame is easy to see

because it is luminous

Flame is difficult to see

because it is nonluminous

Gives out a lot of soot

Do not give out soot

Flame is not so hot

Flame is very hot

Not suitable for heating

Suitable for heating

Back

Next

1. Say whether the following statements are true or

false.
(a)You may eat and drink in the laboratory False
(b)You may enter the laboratory without your
teachers permission. False
(c) You may taste some o f the chemicals in the
False
laboratory
(d)You must report any injured or accident to your
teacher immediately. True

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

laboratory
(a) Scientists usually work in a _____________.
safety
(b) You must follow the laboratory ______________
rules when working in the laboratory.
hazard warning symbols
(c) We use ___________________________
to show
the danger of hazardous substances.
(d) Concentrated sulphuric acid is an example of a
corrosive
___________________substance.

3. Name the apparatus used for each of the

following purposes :
(a)To hold a hot test tube test tube holder
(b)To place test tubes while we are not using
them test tube rack
(c) To heat things.. Bunsen burner

(d) To measure volume of liquids.

measuring
cylinder

(e) To measure a small volume of liquid

accurately..

burette

(f) To measure a fixed volume of liquid...... pipette

(g) To hold or clamp apparatus...

retort
stand

(h) To contain chemicals and for carrying out

reactions beaker and
conical flask

1. How do we get a yellow flame?

Close the air-hole in Bunsen burner.
2. How do we get a blue flame?
Open the air-hole in Bunsen burner.

3. Which flame is hotter?

Blue flame (non-luminous flame ).

4. Which flame gives out a lot of soot?

Yellow flame ( luminous flame ).

5. Which flame is suitable for heating?

Blue flame ( non-luminous flame ).

6. Which flame is easier to be seen?

Yellow flame ( luminous flame ).

 Scientists use scientific method when

carrying out scientific investigations.
Scientists follow the steps in the scientific
method to make sure that what they do is
systematic and their observations are
reliable.

 The steps in a scientific investigation are explained

below :
Step 1 > Identifying the problem
Step 2 > Making a hypothesis ( smart guess )
Step 3 > Planning the experiment
Step 4 > Controlling the variables

Step 5 > Collecting data

Step 6 > Analysing and interpreting the data

Step 7 > Making a conclusion

Step 8 > Writing a report

Conduct
experiment