MOTION

DISPLACEMENT

AVERAGE SPEED
The distance traveled divided by the
time required to cover the distance.

AVERAGE VELOCITY
The displacement of the object per
elapsed time to travel between two
points.

PROBLEM
Andy Green in the car ThrustSSC set
a world record of 344.1 m/s in 1997.
The car was powered by two jet
engines, and it was the first one
officially to exceed the speed of
sound. To establish such record, the
driver makes two turns through the
course, one in each direction, to
nullify wind effects.

PROBLEM
The car first travels from left to right
and covers a distance of 1609 m in
4.740 s. In the reverse direction, the
car covers the same distance in
4.695 s. Determine the average
velocity for each run.

ACCELERATION
The rate of change of velocity of an
object.

PROBLEM
Suppose an airplane starts from rest
when t0= 0 s. The plane accelerates
down the runway at t= 29 s attains a
velocity of +260 km/h, where the
plus sign indicates the velocity points
to the right. Determine the average
acceleration of the plane.

PROBLEM
A drag racer crosses the finish line,
and the driver deploys a parachute
and applies the brakes to slow down.
The driver begins slowing down when
t0= 9.0 s and the cars velocity is
+28 m/s. When t= 12.0 s, the
velocity has been reduced to +13
m/s.
What
is
the
average
acceleration of the dragster?

EQUATIONS OF KINEMATICS
FOR CONSTANT ACCELERATION

PROBLEM

A speedboat has a constant

acceleration of +2 m/s2. If the initial
velocity of the boat is +6.0 m/s, find
its displacement after 8.0 s.

PROBLEM
A jet is taking off from the deck of an
aircraft carrier. Starting from rest, the
jet is catapulted with a constant
acceleration of +31 m/s2 along a
straight line and reaches a velocity of
+62 m/s. Find the displacement of
the jet.

FREE-FALL
free fall is any motion of a body
where gravity is the only force acting
upon
it,
thus,
neglecting
air
resistance

PROBLEM
A stone is dropped from rest from the
top of a tall building. After 3.00 s of
free-fall, what is the displacement y
of the stone?

PROBLEM
After 3.00 s of free-fall, what is the
velocity of the stone?

PROBLEM
A football game customarily begins
with a coin toss to determine who
kicks off. The referee tosses the coin
up with an initial speed of 5.00 m/s.
In the absence of air resistance, how
high does the coin go above its point
of release?

PROBLEM
What is the total time the coin is in
the air before returning to its
release?

PROJECTILE MOTION
is a form ofmotionin which an
object
or
particle
(called
aprojectile) is thrown near the
earth's surface, and it moves along a
curved path under the action of
gravity only.

Hitting the target aim high, not directly at

the target

BULLSEYE!

Newtons Cannon
Newton

described the possible

trajectories of a cannonball shot from a
tall mountain. Weaker shots fall in
parabolas, but soon the curvature of
the earth becomes more important. If
you could ignore air resistance,
stronger shots would clear the horizon.
If you could launch the cannonball fast
enough, its curve would match the
curvature of the earth. This is called an
orbit. A satellite is no more than a
projectile moving fast enough to
continually clear the horizon as it falls.

Maximum Range
When an artillery shell is fired the
initial speed of the projectile depends
on the explosive charge this cannot
be changed
The only control you have is over the
angle of elevation.
You can control the range (where it
lands) by changing the angle of
elevation
To get maximum range set the angle

The ultimate projectile:

Putting an object into orbit
Imagine trying to
throw a rock around
the world.
If you give it a large
horizontal velocity,
it will go into orbit
around the earth!