Presentation of DP-1

on
Modeling and analysis of PID and
Fuzzy Control For Blood GlucoseInsulin System
Prepared By:
Divya K Nadar
M.E. (Applied Instrumentation )
Atmiya Inst. of Tech. & Sci.,
Rajkot
Enroll. No - 140030703013
SUBMITTED TO:
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Guided By:
Mr.J .A Talati
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of Ins.
Engineering,
AITS, Rajkot.
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Flow of Presentation

Introduction
Blood glucose insulin system
Literature Review
Problem statement
Simulation of blood glucose model
Proposed work
References

Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread disease in the western world today. Many researchers are
working on methods for diagnosing and treating diabetes[1].
Normally the therapy is based on discrete insulin infusion that uses long time
interval measurements. A continuous drug insulin is proposed to avoid the
traditional discrete approaches by automating diabetes therapy and to deal with this
kind of plant the controllers used : proportional integral derivative (PID), and fuzzy
logic controllers (FLC).
A fully automated closed-loop insulin delivery system could potentially be the
ultimate answer for blood glucose (BG) control in diabetic patients. This system
can mimic the activity of a normal pancreas and is capable of maintaining
physiological BG levels for insulin-dependent diabetic patients[2].
A tool used for this is mathematical models of the blood glucose and insulin
kinetics.A minimal model is can be described through derivation and simulations.

 The construction of the mathematical model describing the whole blood glucose
system can be tried.
The main aim is to do mathematical modeling and then analyse the PID and fuzzy
controller .
The numerical solution presents the complex situation of diabetic patients.
Computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed work.

Introduction
Scientists do not know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes, but they believe
that a combination of genetic and environmental factors are to blame. Diabetes
is an autoimmune disease.
This means that the immune system, which normally ignores healthy cells but
destroys germs and foreign substances that could cause illness, mistakenly
launches an attack on the body itself - in this case destroying insulin producing
islet cells in the pancreas.
Scientists are developing external insulin which is fed in a certain rate
according to maintain the glucose levels of 60-120 mg/dl.

The diabetes is classified as Type-1 and Type-2. In case of Type-1 the

controlling of insulin is very difficult. For these patients regulation of blood
glucose concentration is maintained by releasing the external insulin with
insulin infusion device.

The insulin pump is a electro medical device which delivers insulin through
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narrow and flexible plastic tube that ends with a needle inserted
just under the

Blood Glucose insulin system

Figure 1.Block diagram of Glucose Insulin regulation system[2]

Components of the system

Figure 2.Components of the system[3]

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Literature Review
Paper I
Marchetti, Gianni, Massimiliano Barolo, Lois Jovanovic, Howard Zisser, and Dale E.
Seborg. "An improved PID switching control strategy for type 1 diabetes." Biomedical
Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 55, no. 3 (2008): 857-865[4]
This paper mainly focuses on the control strategy that is PID for the blood glucose
control using a physiologic model of Hovarka et al.
The authors demonstrated the results of the proposed control strategy of PID
supports the realistic conditions of meal, measurement noise ,changes in insulin
sensitivity .
The feature of the control is that it superiors for both meal challenges with the poor
CHO (carbohydrates) estimates and insulin sensitivity change.
Tuning is done and an improved PID strategy was demonstrated for a variety of the
circumstances to be robust ,carried by simulations ,considering a diabetic patient.
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Literature Review
Paper II
Li, Chengwei, and Ruiqiang Hu. "Fuzzy-PID control for the regulation of blood glucose
in diabetes." In Intelligent Systems, 2009. GCIS'09. WRI Global Congress on, vol. 2, pp.
170-174. IEEE, 2009[5].

In this paper the author has two control algorithms Fuzzy-PID control and classical
PID control method for the insulin to inject to diabetic patient.
A comparison is made between PID fuzzy and classical PID by simulations result,
which will be evident for the theoretical analysis.
The mathematical model used of blood glucose regulation for simulation is taken as
minimal model Bergman et al.
These model will relate glucose and insulin with expressions. The results of both the
algorithms shows Fuzzy-PID performed well compared to the classical PID which is
valid for the glucose regulation.
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Literature Review
Paper III
Maleki, Ali, and Arezou Geramipour. "Continuous control of blood glucose in TIDM
using fuzzy logic controller in insulin pump: A simulation study." In Control,
Instrumentation and Automation (ICCIA), 2011 2nd International Conference on, pp. 122127. IEEE, 2011.[6]
The aim of the author is to design a controller i.e fuzzy logic controller and shows
the robustness by testing it and this is done by a compared with PID controller and
the results are shown by taking various diabetic patients and the FLC response is
stable in presence of uncertainty in system parameters which will vary from patient
to patient and PID is also tuned but FLC could reduce the blood glucose level of
each patient in terms of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia prevention and
physiological model taken Bergman minimal .
The control of fuzzy is only for the insulin pump to inject the insulin the patient and
its not for the glucose.

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Literature Review
Paper IV
Sasi, Ahmed Y. Ben, and Mahmud A. Elmalki. "A fuzzy controller for blood glucoseinsulin system." Journal of Signal and Information Processing 4, no. 02 (2013): 111.
A controller receives the difference between the glucose set point (desired BG) and the
glucose reading, and uses this information to continuously adjust the rate of insulin
delivery.
This closed-loop control is very similar to the function that is performed by a healthy
human pancreas.
There is a continuous drug infusion closed-loop control system was proposed to avoid
the traditional discrete approaches by automating diabetes therapy.
Therefore proportional integral derivative (PID), and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC).
Simulation results have illustrated that the fuzzy logic controller outperformed the PID
controller.
These results were based on serious disturbances to glucose, such as exercise, delay or
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noise in glucose sensor and nutrition mixed meal absorption at meal time.

Literature Review
Paper 5
Li, P., Yu, L., Guo, L., Dong, J., Hu, J., & Fang, Q. (2012, July). PID control of glucose
concentration in subjects with type 1 diabetes based on a simplified model: An in silico
trial. In Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA), 2012 10th World Congress on (pp.
5051-5055). IEEE[8].
This paper shows ,accurate insulin-glucose metabolism model is essential to the
development of a closed loop control system for an Artificial Pancreas
System(APS) which regulates glucose concentration for T1DM patients.
By using the proposed simplified model, much fewer parameters are required to
estimate from clinical data.
The PID closed-loop in silico simulation results show that the plasma glucose
concentration can decrease much than the open-loop control and the risk of
hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia reduced a lot.
PID controller is designed to maintain normoglycemia (90mg/dl) in subjects with
T1DM.
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Problem statement
The problem is that the PID controller calculates insulin infusion rate to the
diabetic patient released by the pump into the tissue t can endanger the life of a
diabetic patients as the mostly the empirical models is used for the modeling
without much consideration of physiological parameters .
The considered model could be modified with more number of parameters to
do mathematical modeling and then analyse with the PID and fuzzy controller
and to minimize the overshoot of the controller.
The numerical solution presents the complex situation of diabetic patients.
Computer simulations are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed
work.

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Compartment blood glucose model

Figure 4.3 Compartmental diagram of the glucose and insulin

systems in a diabetic patient[8]
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Modeling of blood glucose model

Figure 4.4 Simulink model of diabetic patient (Sorensen)

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Figure 4.5 Glucose submodel of diabetic patient

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Figure 4.5 Insulin model of diabetic patient

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Project work
Mathematical model to describe the glucose-insulin dynamics of a T1DM
patient and modified model accordingly.
The implementation of an insulin administration strategy, also denoted as a
controller that is PID and fuzzy and different tuning techniques to enhance the
performance in order to get the proper insulin to the diabetic patient.
A set of performance metrics to evaluate the performance of the AP such that
different insulin administration strategies can be compared .
To develop a user friendly software in MATLAB that implements
physiological model of the glucose-insulin system during meals would be tried.
The graphical interface makes its use extremely easy for investigators without
specific expertise on modeling.

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References
[1]http://www.joslin.org/diabetesresearch/type_1_diabetes_research.html
[2]Srinivas, P., & Rao, P. D. P. CLOSED LOOP MODEL FOR GLUCOSE INSULIN REGULATION
SYSTEM USING LABVIEW.
[3] http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/insulin+pumpy
[4]

[5] Li, Chengwei, and Ruiqiang Hu. "Fuzzy-PID control for the regulation of blood glucose in
diabetes." In Intelligent Systems, 2009. GCIS'09. WRI Global Congress on, vol. 2, pp. 170-174.
IEEE, 2009.
[6] Maleki, Ali, and Arezou Geramipour. "Continuous control of blood glucose in TIDM using
fuzzy logic controller in insulin pump: A simulation study." In Control, Instrumentation and
Automation (ICCIA), 2011 2nd International Conference on, pp. 122-127. IEEE, 2011.
[7] Sasi, Ahmed Y. Ben, and Mahmud A. Elmalki. "A fuzzy controller for blood glucose-insulin
system." Journal of Signal and Information Processing 4, no. 02 (2013): 111.
[8] Li, P., Yu, L., Guo, L., Dong, J., Hu, J., & Fang, Q. (2012, July). PID control of glucose concentration in
subjects with type 1 diabetes based on a simplified model: An in silico trial. In Intelligent Control and
Automation (WCICA), 2012 10th World Congress on (pp. 5051-5055). IEEE[8].correction according to
chicago format

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Thank you

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