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3. MEASUREMENT METHODS
3.1. Deflection, difference, and null methods
With the deflection method, the result of the measurement is
entirely determined by the readout of the measurement device.
10
10
10
Reference
10
10
Reference
mm 103 100
mm 100
(a)
:Inaccuracy:
Inaccuracy
100 m
mm 103 1
0
mm 103 100
mm 100
(a)
(b)
Reference
mm 105 99
:Inaccuracy:
Inaccuracy
100 m
m 1 1
mm 103 1
0
mm 103 100
mm 103 0
mm 100
(a)
:Inaccuracy:
Inaccuracy
100 m
(b)
1 1 m
(c)
Reference
Reference
mm 105 99
mm 105 100
m 1 0
F = mg
Oil
Membrane
C1
C2
Pressure, P0 + P
Oil
Membrane
C1
C2
F = mg
Oil
Membrane
C1
C2
10
F = mg
Oil
Membrane
C1
C2
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Null detector
R (1)
Vref
VxVref
Vref
Rx
Vref
It can be shown that the null condition does not depend on the
power delivered by the power supply, the circuits internal
impedance, or the internal impedance of the null detector.
Note that the bridge method requires a single power source.
Reference: [1]
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Reference: [1]
13
Sensor
Sensor
Electrical signal
ES
N-ES
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Actuator
Actuator
Non-electrical signal
N-ES
ES
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Sensor
Sensor
Actuator
Actuator
Measurement
Measurement System
System
Sensor
Sensor
Actuator
Actuator
Non-electrical signals
Non-electrical signals
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Sensor
Sensor
VS
Vo
VS
Actuator
Actuator
Hact
T1
Hact
T1
T2
T2
Ha
Vo
17
Io
Hact
Null detector
Io
Sensor
Sensor
VS
VS0 A
Vo
Ha
HactHa
Vs
T1
T2
HHaHact
H1H2 0
Hact 1Hact 2
T1
T2
Vo 1Vo 2
Vo
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Io
Hact
G AOL
HactHaA
OL +1
Io
Sensor
Sensor
VS
VS 0
Vo
Ha
Hact
VS
T1
VS
VS
T2
HHaHact
H1H2
T1
T2
Hact
Hact
Vo 2 Vo 1
Vo
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3-
m1
2- 1- 0 1 2
m2
Reference: [1]
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3-
m2
2- 1- 0 1 2
m1
Reference: [1]
21
3-
2- 1- 0 1 2
m =[1)2(]/2
m1
m2
Reference: [1]
22
m
2
0.5
0.2
Reference: [1]
23
0.5
0.2
Reference: [1]
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2
m
0.5
0.2
Reference: [1]
25
m=3.5
2
2
m
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.2
Reference: [1]
26
Calibration
3.5
m=3.5
2
2
m
0.5
0.5
1
1
1
0.5
0.2
Reference: [1]
27
A
Vo
AVoff
VaVb
Va
Vb
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A
Vo
Va
Vb
AVoff
(Vo"AVoff AVaVb
VaVb
2 AV off
? = VaVb
"Vo' Vo
2 A)VaVb(
5k
5k
10k 1%
10k 1%
Voff
vin
5k
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5k ?
5k?
10k 1%
10k 1%
Voff
vin
5k ?
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31
= ?
=?Offset
1
true
32
= )21 = 1.5
true
Offset = 0.5
1
= 1.5
33
36
37
Reference: [1]
38
Null detector
R (1)
Vx
VxVref
Vref
Reference: [1]
39
NB: Note that the difference method and the null method make
use of the compensation method. In the difference method,
the compensation is only partial, whereas in the null method
it is complete.
Reference
Reference: [1]
40
Null detector
R (1)
Vref
VxVref
Vref
Rx
Vref
It can be shown that the null condition does not depend on the
power delivered by the power supply, the circuits internal
impedance, or the internal impedance of the null detector.
Note that the bridge method requires a single power source.
Reference: [1]
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42
6
7
8
9
6
7
8
9
6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6
6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6
6 7 8 9 10 9 8 7 6
9
8
7
6
9
8
7
6
9
8
7
6
Unreliable
Reliable
Valid
Reference: [1]
43
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