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Alexander the

Great
Ruler of the
World

Why the Great?


In ten years, Alexander of
Macedonia created the largest
empire in the world up to that time
Alexander spread Greek culture,
ensuring cultural diffusion and the
survival of the qualities of classical
Greece

Alexanders Empire

Alexanders Origins
Born in Pella, Macedonia
Tutored by the Greek
philosopher, Aristotle

His father, Philip, was king of


Macedonia, and had conquered
the Greek city states during his
27 year reign

Olympia
Olympia
Alexanders
Alexanders
mother
mother

Philip
Philip
Alexanders father
father
Alexanders

Alexander Rules
Philip was murdered in 336
B.C. by an assassinmaybe
hired by his wife, Olympia
So Alexander was only 20
when he became king of
Macedonia

Securing his fathers empire


Alexander squelched rebellions in
the northern regions to the
Danube River
In the process of reconquering the
Greek city states, his forces
destroyed Thebes, massacring all,
including women
and children

From Pompeii mosaic

Expanding the Empire


Alexanders forces of
over 40,000 crossed at
the Dardanelles into
Asia, where he declared
that the whole of Asia
would be won by the
spear

The Gordian Knot


The Gordian Knot: the legend behind
the ancient knot was that the man who
could untie it was destined to rule the
entire world.

Alexander simply slashed the knot with


his sword and unraveled it.

Defeating Darius
of Persia

Alexanders forced dispatched


the Persian army, losing only
110 men (legend)
Again Alexander was victorious,
and Darius was forced to flee,
abandoning is mother, wife and
children to Alexander

Major cities in Asia Minor and


along the Phoenician coast
surrendered to Alexander

Alexander
proceeded
to Egypt, where he
established the
city
of
Alexandria and

#3: Yet again, Alexanders


forces defeated Darius, this
time in Mesopotamia
Alexander was
proclaimed king of
Persia and Dariuss
royal city and
palace were burned
Persepolis
to the ground
Again, Darius fled Alexander

When Darius was found murdered


by his own men, Alexander
executed the assassins and gave
Darius a royal funeral

Ruins of
Persepolis

The limits of expansion


In the spring of 327
BC, Alexander and
his army marched
into India
As he conquered
regions he allowed
rulers to continue
to govern in his
name

Bucephalus
In India, Alexanders horse was killed
He mourned his loss
and named a city in
his honor

Alexander on his favorite


horse, Bucephalus

'O my son, look thee


out a kingdom equal
to and worthy of
thyself, for Macedonia
is too little for thee.'
Philip to Alexander
(Plutarch, Alexander 6.8.)

Retreat
At the Indus, the Macedonians
rebelled and refused to go any farther
The forces travelled down the Indus
and began the arduous journey back
to Mesopotamia

His best friend,


Hephaestion, died of a
fever; to console himself,
Alexander led a ferocious
military campaign and went

Securing a legacy
Alexander made Babylonia the
capital of his Empire
He married one of Darius daughters
and encouraged 10,000 of his
soldiers to take Persian wives
He died the following year at 33
before he could produce an heir and
his kingdom was divided among 3
of his generals

Antigonus

Seleucus
Ptolemy

The mystery of Alexanders death


Alexander died of a
fever at 33 but why?
Plutarch reports that he
was had been plagued
by several bad omens
Some others from the
time claimed Alexander
was poisoned during the
drinking binge

Credit to Fulton Schools


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