Inventory Management

Using RFID

L.J.I.E.T
TEAM ID : 130005268
GROUP NO.: 21
INTERNAL GUIDE: HEMMING SATHWARA

BY : ISHWAKI THAKKAR
JANAM BAKSHI
PAYAL MOONDRA

Introduction

Inventory Management Using RFID

Shopping system now:

Over past few decades, goods passing through the

supply chain have been traced via barcodes.
Has Number of limitations.
Does not meet todays needs for several reasons.
Inventory management is very time consuming

Inventory Management Using RFID

Limitations now :

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Damage

Physically
destroyed.
grease and dirt.
Makes it difficult to
read

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Human Interaction

Require human
intervention.
Need for close line of
sight.
With photocopy you
can reproduce a bar
code.

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Lack of Information

Cannot be
programmed
Can only provide
the most basic
product number
information.

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Identification of
same type of product

While the bar code identifies a

type of product, electronic
labels identify each individual
product. That is to say, two
lays that are the same now
have the same bar code and,
therefore, the same
identification.

Inventory Management Using RFID

We both
have same
identity.

Inventory management

Not accurate
Needs manpower
Stock management
Time taken

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Motivation

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RFID
To overcome all the above limitations and to
revolutionise the whole shopping experience we came
across the RFID technology.

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How does RFID tags overcome all

above limitation??

Inventory Management Using RFID

Do not require line of

sight
Readers can be located at
the entrance to a
warehouse for example,
automatically tracking
goods in and out.
Reading can be made at a
distance of up to 10
metres.

Inventory Management Using RFID


No
need
ofare
human
intervention
RFID
tags
also not
susceptible to damage from dirt,
grease, or being physically
damaged
Avoids counterfeit.
A tag guarantees its
authenticity.
Electronic label is more resistant
because it is normally part of the
product or is placed under a
protective surface and supports
humidity and temperature
better.
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Information Handling

More than barcodes.

capacity
RFID tags are programmable
Can hold a variety of information including
location, destination and product
identification number.
Additional information such as size and
weight can also be included where
required.
You can write on the bar code only once,
you can write on electronic labels as many
times as necessary.
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Identifies each same

type of product

Equipped with RFID could

be identified and managed
individually.

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I have my
unique id

Me too

Keep track of goods

Location of goods tracked.
Controlled by host computer.
Direct the goods to an appropriate
part.
Accuracy
Timeliness of goods flowing throughout
the supply chain enhanced.

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Literature review

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What
is RFID..??
RFID:RADIO
FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION
RFID uses RADIO FREQUENCY for
identification of various
information. The same used on
Bluetooth or zeegbee etc.
TYPES:
ACTIVE(Needs power supply)
PASSIVE(No need of power
supply)
Inventory Management Using RFID

WORKING OF RFID
Reader generate carrier sine waves
Once tags receives sufficient energy tags output
transistor shunt the coil corresponding to the data
being clocked out to the memory array.
Reader performs digital data encoding.
Reader itself is a trans reciever which generates and
receives the information through the RFID tag.

Inventory Management Using RFID

Main Components
ANTENNA OR COIL
TRANSRECEIVER(DECODER)
RF TAG (TRANSPONDER)

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Antenna
Antenna in RFID tag is a conductive element that
permits the tag to exchange data with the reader.
Passive RFID tags make use of a coiled antenna that
can create a magnetic field using the energy provided
by the reader's carrier signal.

Inventory Management Using RFID

RFID Readers
Depending on mobility, RFID readers are classified
into two different types. They are:
Fixed RFIDs
Mobile RFIDs
Fixed RFIDs
If the reader reads tags in stationary position, it is
called fixed RFID.
Mobile RFIDs
If reader is mobile when the reader reads tags, it is
called mobile RFID.
Inventory Management Using RFID

Tags
A microchip containing identifying information and an
antenna that transmits this data wirelessly to a
reader.
Contain a serialized identifier, or license plate number
Uniquely identifies item
Higher data capacity than their bar code counterparts.
Type of information that can be encoded on the tag,
including the manufacturer, batch or lot number,
weight, ownership, destination and history (such as
the temperature range to which an item has been
exposed)
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How RFID works??

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Results from tag to system

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Results from tags

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Block diagram of project

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Inventory Management Using RFID

Host computer
The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's
integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed
to the Host computer.
One that communicates with database.
All server connections done with respect to host
computer

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Application Software
The application software on the host processes the
data.
Perform various filtering operations to reduce the
numerous often redundant reads of the same tag to a
smaller and more useful data set.
Made in any GUI that can integrate with database.
Used for billing or checkout.
Has the database of stock.
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System Interface
To drive value from RFID
To manage the process flow
Must deploy RFID-enabled software that processes
RFID data, controls workflows and business
transactions, and passes RFID data on to other
systems (such as MATLAB) as required.

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RFID Transreciever
The reader is a handheld or fixed unit that can
interrogate nearby RFID tags and obtain their ID
numbers using radio frequency (RF) communication
(i.e. the process does not require contact).
When a passive tag is within range of a reader, the
tags antenna absorbs the energy being emitted from
the reader, directs the energy to fire up the
integrated circuit on the tag, which then uses the
energy to beam back the ID number and any other
associated information.
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Antenna matching network

The first block is the antenna block this gives the
matching network as well as the receiving and
transmission between the tag and the receiver block.
The antenna is the omnidirectional antenna that
sends pulse all through out the side making the tag to
receive and transmit the signal easily.
The antenna is the main component that connects the
RFID tags with the RFID reader as it receives and
transmits the data simultaneously.
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Tag
Contains a transponder with a digital memory chip
given a unique electronic product code.
The interrogator, an antenna packaged with a
transceiver and decoder, emits a signal activating the
RFID tag so it can read and write data to it.
When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic
zone, it detects the reader's activation signal.
The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag's
integrated circuit (silicon chip) and the data is passed
to the host computer. The application software on
the host processes the data.
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Micro Controller
The microcontroller is the main controlling element
Microcontroller is a device which includes a
microprocessor, memory and IO lines on a single chip
fabricated.
The assembly language programs written in the
microcontroller receives input data, manipulates it,
and provides necessary control signals to the
hardware.

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Specifications
PC Interface : RS232
Embedded Processor : Pic18f4520
Embedded Firmware : Embedded C
Sensor : RFID Tag / Reader

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Microcontroller used:
Pic18f4520

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PIC18F4520
High computational performance at an economical
price.
High-endurance
Enhanced Flash program memory.
PIC18f4520 introduces design enhancements that
make these microcontroller a logical choice for many
high-performance, power sensitive applications.

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Click icon to add picture

Pin description

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Device Features

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Data Transmission with computer

Reader and Controller
Communication done with serial communication
Communication is done using UART or USART of the
controller.
The serial communication is done using DB-9

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MAX232
The MAX232 works on the RS232 protocol which
converts CMOS voltage to TTL
Advantage of MAX 232 chip Uses a +5V power
source, which is the same as the source voltage for
PIC18f4520. So using a single +5V Power supply we
can power both PIC18 and MAX232 with no need for
the dual power supplies.

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PIN CONFRIGURATION

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Click icon to add picture

INTERFACING WITH PIC MICROCONTROLLER 18F4520

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RFID Reader
EM-18 Module

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Features
Serial and TTL output
Low frequency (125Khz) RFID reader
Range : 8-12cm
Built in antenna
Can be directly connected to the PC using RS232
protocol.

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Specifications
Operating Voltage: 5v
Current: <50mA
Read distance:10cm
Operating frequency: 125khz

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Pin Description of EM-18 module

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RFID Reader Module

The RFID Transceiver represents the core of the RFID
reader.
A parallel or serial communication can be used
between the Processor and the Transceiver unit.
Various programming options make the TI'sRFID
Transceiversuitable for a wide range of proximity
(communication distance to Transceiver - Tag: <10cm)
and vicinity (communication distance to Transceiver Tag: >50cm) RFID applications.
Inventory Management Using RFID

Algorithm

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Steps
STEP1: Start.
STEP2: Receive input data from the RFID reader.
STEP3: Store the received data in a temporary
location.
STEP4: Compare the received data with PSW of the
microcontroller.
STEP5: If a match found then go to STEP8
STEP6: Send input to the display to show message
No match found. Add stock??.
STEP7: Go to STEP10.
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 STEP8:Send input to controller to communicate with

host computer through software to perform certain
functions(totalling for billing, data stock quantity,
checkout) and display on LCD.
STEP9:Send input to controller
STEP10: Stop

Inventory Management Using RFID

Tools used

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Methods
Embedded c
MPLAB(PIC coding)
Proteus(simulation)
MATLAB(for GUI)

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MODES IN GUI

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 1.Add stock
2.Inventory Management
3.Billing
4.Checkout

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Mode1: Add stock

Scanner works as an input to the database.
The database takes the scanned item as input of an
rfid system.
Once the rfid tag is scanned the tag number is then
recorded and written in the database relating to that
number various item details are added in the
database as an inventory or stock input.

Inventory Management Using RFID

Mode 2:Inventory management

Scanning of the RFID tags at the end of the day.
Making the total amount of stocks used
Amount of stock misplaced or the amount of stock
checked out from the shop can also be tested.
Manages database of quantity of stocks automatically
which are sold.

Inventory Management Using RFID

Mode 3 Billing
Scans the items added and billed.
Total quantity is changed from total stock
automatically.
Stored for checking the same items are checked out.

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Mode 4 Checkout
After the billing at the exit of the store, the RFID tags
will be scanned and these scanned RFID tags will be
compared with the billed data.
If those data matches then the system will allow the
customer to exit.
Else will give alert (ALARM)

Inventory Management Using RFID

Future work

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To make the RFID reader module to make it cost effective by using

EM4095.

To increase the range of tag reading using UHF tags.

To make reader handheld module.

To solve the problem of multiple tag scanning by jitter modulation.

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Work done

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 Complete study on RFID technology, tags, readers and

its limitations.
Schematic of Power supply, PIC18F4520,MAX232,LCD
interface.
Interface of PIC18f4520 with LCD, MAX232.
Interface EM-18 module with PIC18F4520
Coding of PIC in MPLAB for above interfaces

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Power Supply

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LCD Schematic

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LCD hardware Interfacing with PIC18f4520

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Click icon to add picture

SCHEMATIC OF PIC18F4520 WITH EM-18

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Serial connection and EM-18

Interfacing

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Getting RFID code in matlab for GUI

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Getting RFID code in lcd

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Statistics and Analysis

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Benefits of RFID for Retail Industry

RFID can provide benefits such as operational

efficiency, improved visibility, reduced cost, improved
security, improved customer service levels, better
information accuracy and increased sales.

The pie chart in Figure gives the actual percentages of

each of these benefit categories that was observed in
our analysis.

Inventory Management Using RFID

Benefits of RFID for Retail Industry

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Conclusion

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 We have identified the places in the retail supply

chain where most of the expected benefits are
concentrated on the later end of the chain such as
replenishment, warehouse management, distribution,
in-store operations, sales, and return handling.
This research study is a contributing step toward
clarifying some of the misconceptions regarding the
RFID technology which is impeding its progress and
acceptance in the retail world despite its immense
potentials.
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The major benefits

Operational efficiency
Improved visibility
Reduced cost
Improved security
Improved customer service levels
Better information accuracy
Increased sales.
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References

Inventory Management Using RFID

 [1] Weinstein, Ron. RFID: A Technical Overview and

Its Application to the Enterprise. IT Professional,
May/June 2005, p 27-33.
[2] Wikipedia. Radio Frequency Identification.
[3] Want, Roy. An Introduction to RFID Technology.
Pervasive Computing, January/March 2006. [4]
Ferguson, Renee Boucher. Wal-Mart's CIO Dishes on
RFID at NRFTech Conference. E-Week.com, Aug. 9,
2006.
[5] IEEE. Developing National Policies on the
Deployment of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Technology.
Inventory Management Using RFID

Any queries??

Thank you for watching.

Inventory Management Using RFID