Pre-Test

Citing Resources of
a Written Output in
a Bibliography

Purposes of
Bibliographies
To give credit to the writers from whom
you have borrowed words and ideas.
To inform your readers where your
information was found.
To avoid plagiarism, or borrowing
words and ideas without
acknowledging their original sources.

 It is common practice to cite your

sources in two areas of the
research paper
In-text, or inside the paper
A Works Cited page that follows the
conclusion of the paper

In-Text Citation
According to Diana Hackers Pocket Style Manual, Intext citations are made with a combination of signal
phrases and parenthetical references.
Depending on whether or not the author is named in a
signal phrase will determine if the authors name is
included in the citation.
Example:
Teachers has always been taught as one of the noblest
human beings. S/he considered as the central figure in the school
and a second parent to the students. Because of the task a
teacher must perform in order to achieve the schools vision and
mission. S/he has a number of roles teaching, facilitating, and most
important task is to inspire all of his/her students (Cebrel, 2005).

In this example, the author is not mentioned in the signal phrase,

so it is cited at the end, along with the year of publication.

In-Text Citation
Example:
De Villa (2007) found out in his study that most of the teacher-InCharge belongs to the old age; it is perceived that they are well
experienced in creating plans for the school and they have seen steps in
achieving the schools goals.

In this example, the signal phrase mentions the name of the

author.
When an electronic source does not have a known author,
according to Hacker, use the complete title in a signal
phrase or use a short form of the title in parentheses. (126)

Example:
According to a Web page sponsored by the Childrens Defense
Fund, fourteen American children die from gunfire each day. (Child)

In this example, the author is not known, so the complete title

is cited at the end of the sentence.

Works Cited List

Is displayed at the conclusion of a paper in
alphabetical order.
gives full publication information for each
of the sources you have cited in the paper.
(Hacker 127)
All entries on this page must have a
corresponding cited work in the main text of
the paper.

Works Cited List

Book Format
Last name, First name. Year of Publication enclosed in
parentheses Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher
Example:
Ribo, Lourdes. (2004) Language in Literature. Quezon City: Vibal
Publishing House, Inc.

When there are two or three authors, begin in the one

author format, then any additional authors are written
first name first, then last name.
Example:
Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. (2000) The Allyn and Bacon
Guide to
Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn

 Journals
Bymes, H. (1984). The role of Listening Comprehension:
A
Theoretical Base. Foreign language Annals 17:317Richards, J.C. (2008). Second Language Teacher
29.
Education Today. RELC, 39(2), 158-176
A newspaper article:
- Include the name of the newspaper underlined or
italicized and the date, section, and page number.
Porcalla, delon. House Bill Protecting Delinquents, The
Philippine Star, May 8, 2005, p. 2.

 A general reference work:

Aptitude Test. Encyclopedia Britannica (1986), vol. 1,
p.
657.

Give the title of the article enclosed in quotation marks

and italicize or underline the name of the reference work.
Use periods after each of these elements. Put the year of
publication in parentheses followed by a comma, the
volume number, and then the page number of the entire
article.
Unpublished Thesis

Dado, J.L., et al. (2010) Differences of Third Year Male

and
Female Students of Tinurik National High School
in
Listening Skills Unpublished Undergraduate
Thesis,
FAITH.

Electronic Resources:
Prakash, Preethi (2005). Effect of Indoor Environmental
Quality
on Occupants Perception Of Performance: A
Comparative
Study.
http://www.edfacilities.org/rt/classroomdesign.cfm

The Importance of Grammar in Schools Today, by Russell

Paul, Demand Media http://everydaylife.globalpost.
com/importance-grammar-schools-today12212.html

Practice Exercise

LAGUNA COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ANS ARTS

Factors that Affect the Academic Performance in
English of the Third Year High School Students
of Calamba Bayside National High School
Division of Calamba City
SY 2005 2006
Adora T. Erasga

Jack Richards
Teaching Listening and Speaking
2008
University of Hawaii Press

Thank You!!

Presented By:
JMAR I. ALMAZAN
MAED -ENGLISH