SAPI Working at Heights Training 2011

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Alstom International EHS Passport

EHS Training Program
Working at Height
AIEP-TM-9015-en_Working at Height_Rev_02_101029
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Hazards Associated with Working at Heights
Control of Hazards
Steps for Safe Working at Height
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Emergency Rescue Plan
Local Application
Summary
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Working at Height
Introduction
The training module Working at height is an integrated part of
the Alstom International EHS Training Program.
The content is based on the guidelines and procedures of the
Corporate EHS Management System and has been edited
for the purpose of training.
The content of the module and the corresponding knowledge test
have been reviewed and approved by the AIEP Training
Board, and will be updated and/or adjusted when deemed necessary.
The completion of this training module is mandatory, and the
achievement of a passing grade in the knowledge test constitutes
the minimum requirement to acquire the Alstom
International EHS Passport.
Working at Height
Reference Documents
AIEP
Reference
C3-2.2
Title
Working at Height
Document Number
PS_AIEP_0039
Working at Height
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this training module, the student will know and
understand:
what is working at height
hazards related to working at Height
safe working on ladders, scaffolds,work platforms & roofs
the hierarchy of measures to be taken when working at height
the key elements of safe working at height
the techniques and equipment to be used
emergency rescue
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Working at Height
What is Working at Height
Work at height is work in any place, including a place at, above or below
ground level, where a person could be injured if they fell from that place.
Access and egress to a place of work can also be work at height.
It does not include stairways or slips or trips on the level.
Any persons involved with the design or erection of fall prevention or fall protection
equipment must be subject to formal competence checks in order to ensure that they
possess the necessary training, competence and qualifications to perform those tasks
before being allowed to work on site.
Working at Height
Examples of working at height
Working on roof.
Working on ladders.
Working at ground level adjacent to an open
excavation.
Working from temporary work platformsscaffold, MEWP, tanks etc.
Working at Height
Planning, Organizing and Competence
Work at Height must be:
Properly planned and communicated to all,
including contractors before work commences.
Appropriately supervised by competent
people.
Not carried out if weather conditions
jeopardise safety.
Those working at height must be:
Competent and entered onto a register.
Or, if being trained, supervised by a
competent person.
Whilst passing this training module counts towards proving competence, annual
practical training, experience and attendance at induction training, toolbox talks and
risk assessment meetings provides further evidence towards proof of competence.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary

Working on roofs
Fall Occurs
from the edges of roofs
through gaps or holes in roof
through fragile roof materials and roof lights
injuries by material falling or thrown from roofs.

Working on Ladders
Ladder should be used for short-term & light work.
Types of Ladders
Extension Ladder
Step Ladder
Rolling Ladder
Fixed Ladder
Rope Ladder

Working on Ladders
Hazards associated with Ladders
falls from ladders.
struck by falling ladders.
struck by materials falling from
ladders.
tripping over ladders.
lifting heavy ladders.
striking persons or objects when
carrying ladders.
contact with electrical equipment.

Working at ground level adjacent to an open excavation
Hazards while working at ground level
adjacent to an open excavation.
falls.
falling object.
falling mobile equipment.
access/Egress.
collapse.

Working from Temporary Work Platforms- Scaffolds
Hazards while working from scaffolds.
fall from scaffolding.
electric shock .
scaffold collapse.
falling object.

Working from Temporary Work Platforms- MEWP
MEWP (Mobile Elevating Work Platforms)
A general term used for scissor lift, aerial platform, or an extensible
or articulating boom aerial device (either self-propelled or vehiclemounted) used for the purpose of positioning personnel, their tools
and necessary materials to elevated work locations.

Working from Temporary Work Platforms- MEWP
Hazards while working from MEWP
tip/roll-over.
collapses.
personnel being thrown from the basket.
falling or pinned by a nearby structure.
contact with electrical lines or equipment.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Control of Hazards
Working on roofs
When working on sloping roofs:
Use proper roof ladders.
Wear a safety harness.
When working on fragile roofs:

Use crawling boards.
Ensure a warning sign is
displayed at all access points.
Control of Hazards
Ladder Safety
May be used for light tasks of low risk and
short duration (in conjunction with a safety
harness); or access and egress to a work
platform.
Must be secured to prevent slipping
sideways and outwards.
Should be Installed at an angle of 4:1 (or
75).
Must extend approx. 1 m above working
platform (if applicable).
Control of Hazards
Ladder Safety
Must not be painted.
Should be placed on a register and
inspected at least once per week.
Vertical ladders installed for construction
purposes, at a height where a person can fall
more than 3 m, must be fitted with a cage /
hoops and a vertical lifeline.
Vertical ladders over 9 m high must have
platform every 9 m and be offset at every
platform.
Control of Hazards
Ladder Safety
Always maintain a 3-point (two hands and a
foot, or two feet and a hand) contact on the
ladder when climbing.
Use non conductive ladders around exposed
wires or while working with electricity.
Secure your tools & materials to prevent fall.
Never use a damaged ladder (tag & remove it
from service).
Do not over-reach in getting parts, material, etc.
Control of Hazards
Scaffolds
All scaffolds must be designed, erected,
altered and dismantled by a competent
person.
Once erected, scaffolds must be
inspected by a competent person:
Before first use.
After substantial alteration.
After any event likely to have affected
its stability e.g. after strong winds.
At least once every 7 days inspections
must be recorded and a Scaf-tag system or
equivalent used to indicate inspection
status. In the event that faults are found, the
tag must be pulled and the scaffold taken
out of use until repaired.
Control of Hazards
Scaffolds
All scaffolds must have a top guardrail fixed at
a height of 1.1 m, an intermediate guardrail &
toe boards to all sides from where a person or
material can fall.
Scaffolds and ladders must not be erected close
to ejectors, blow-off valves or live power lines /
cables / conductors.
Scaffolds erected around structures that may
have electrical services, and where electrical
equipment is to be used, must be earthed.
Control of Hazards
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWP)
MEWP can provide safe access and safe working
at heights, and are often safer than ladders or other
access equipment.
Equipment must be thoroughly tested &
examined by a competent person before first use
& at least once every six months.
Equipment must be inspected daily by
operators / users and repaired if defects found.
Operators must be trained in its use,
inspection and emergency procedures.
Baskets must have barriers / boards (approx.
1.1 m in height and toe boards / kick-plates).
Operators must wear a safety harness attached to the basket.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary

Steps:
1: Risk Assessment.
2: Hierarchy for Safe Working at Height.
3: Planning and Organizing.
4: Ensure that those working at height
are competent.
5: Use appropriate Work Equipment.
6: Manage the Risk from Falling
Objects.
7: Inspect and Maintain the Work
Equipment and Workplace.

Step 1: Risk Assessment
Prior to any person working at height, a risk
assessment must be carried out and properly
communicated in order to identify the risks and the
safety measures needed to eliminate or reduce
the risk.
The first question should always be, can the need
for work at height be eliminated or minimised.
A person who is sufficiently experienced to be able
to identify competently the health and safety risks
arising out of the work should carry out the
assessment. The assessment must be reviewed by
Alstom.
In those cases where it is not reasonably
practicable to provide a safe working platform and
a person has to rely on the use of a safety harness,
a suitable rescue plan must also be considered.

Each assessment should be proportionate to
the risks involved but factors to consider
include:
Environment and conditions
location, access, egress, weather and
ground conditions, other activities.
Task to be performed - extent of the
task, its complexity, duration, frequency.
People involved - numbers, degree of
exposure to the risk, competence of
workers involved, (including
Contractors),levels of supervision required.
The quality of the site induction program,
were Alstoms expectations for working at
height explained adequately?

Also, consider risks to or presented by those not directly involved in the work,
work equipment and / or other structures to be used.
Whatever action is taken to control the risk(s), it should be proportionate to the
risk of harm and reflect what is reasonably practicable.
but remember, serious injuries can be caused by falls from relatively low
heights (injury statistics show that falls from below 2 m account for two thirds
of all major accidents); dont assume that little or nothing need be done to
prevent them. A height of 500mm should set the need for risk assessment.

Step 2: Hierarchy for Safe Working at Height
Avoid Prevent Mitigate
Avoid working at height.
If you dont have to go up there DONT.

It may be possible to assemble a structure
on the ground and then lift it into place using
the appropriate lifting equipment.

Prevent falls
Where working at height is absolutely necessary,
the first consideration must be to provide a safe
working platform, so far as is reasonably
practicable.
This could be a permanent structure such as a
building, or an industrial plant, the top of a piece of
machinery or a vehicle or an item of work
equipment, such as a scaffold or a MEWP (mobile
elevating working platform).
In all, cases it must be safe i.e. there is no
foreseeable risk of a person falling from it.
Work platforms must be strong and rigid enough to prevent people
from falling, have no gaps in the flooring or toe boards and be able to
withstand other loads likely to be placed on them.

Prevent falls
Edge protection must be provided.
Barriers other than guardrails and toe boards can be used, as long as they
are at least 1.1 m high, secure and provide an equivalent standard of
protection against falls and materials rolling, or being kicked, from any edges.
If the risk comes from falling through openings or fragile material an
alternative to guard rails or a barrier is to cover the opening or material. Any
covering should be:
Strong enough to support any loads likely to be placed on it (including
the weight of a person); and
Fixed in position to prevent accidental dislodgement. To prevent people
removing coverings, mark them with a warning (e.g.Hole below - do not
remove)

Mitigate the consequences of a fall.
Where the risk of people or objects falling still remains you should take steps
to minimize the distance and consequences of such falls.
Give collective protective measures (e.g. guardrails, nets, airbags, MEWP
etc.) precedence over personal measures.
Equipment chosen should minimize injury, but you must also consider
Work location e.g. trailing lanyards can cause a significant tripping
hazard and are rarely suitable at a height below 4 m.
Consequences of falls - including the effects of the equipment used e.g.
injury caused by deceleration and from hanging motionless in harness after
the fall.

Step 3: Planning and Organizing
Consider the effects of adverse weather conditions
Suitable and sufficient lighting should be provided.
Lightning, wind, rain, snow, ice, temperature and sun will affect working
conditions.
MWEP cannot be used in strong winds.
Bulky clothing could get caught up in machinery or make access
more dangerous.
Build-up of mud on ladders will make them less safe, as would
placing them on a surface that may have become slippery.
Extreme heat can make people exhausted more quickly and may
increase likelihood of human error - regular work breaks may be
necessary.

Step 3: Planning and Organizing
Plan the work and use suitable work
equipment.
Provide appropriate supervision proportionate
to the risks and the experience and capability
of the people involved in the work.
Make sure those affected understand the risk
assessment and what they must do to comply
with it.
Plan for emergencies and rescue, taking
account of possible risks to rescuers.

Step 4: Ensure that those working at height are competent
Competence is a combination of
appropriate practical and theoretical
knowledge, training and experience that
collectively should enable a person to:
Undertake safely their specified activity at
their level of responsibility.
Understand fully any potential risks related
to the work activity (tasks and equipment).
Detect any defects or omissions and
recognize any implications for health and
safety with the aim of specifying appropriate
remedial actions that may be required in
relation to their particular work activity.

Step 5: Use appropriate Work Equipment
The choice of equipment:
Will depend on the risk
assessment and envisaged usage.
Involves reasonable
practicability.
Must prevent a person falling or
minimize risk of doing so.
A ladder may reach the
workplace but if workers need to
climb it for long durations or with
heavy or bulky equipment,
scaffolding is likely to be more
appropriate.

Step 5: Use appropriate Work Equipment
However, if a scaffold is to be in
place for some time, the erection
of a staircase with handrails would
be more appropriate than a ladder
tied in place.
On the other hand, the risks of
installing scaffolding should be
considered, especially for work of
short duration, where a MEWP
might be more appropriate.
However, MEWP should not
generally be used as a means of
access to and egress from work
platforms the necessity to climb
out of MEWP should be avoided.

Step 6: Manage the Risk from Falling Objects
Precautions must be taken to ensure that
portable tools, hand tools, materials etc.
cannot fall onto people below.
Consider the use of collective protection
measures such as safety nets, plastic
sheeting and toe boards.
Where reasonably practicable, erect
barriers below the work platform to prevent
people walking below and / or erect
warning signs.
Consider attaching tools to straps /
lanyards fixed to anchor points, but bear in
mind this may introduce additional tripping
hazards.

Step 6: Manage the Risk from Falling Objects
Never throw or drop tools, materials etc. below.
Consider the use of enclosed rubbish chutes or
lower debris in containers.

Step 7: Inspect and Maintain the Work Equipment and
Workplace
Inspection of Equipment
A competent person should determine the
nature, frequency and extent of any inspection
taking account of such factors as the type of
equipment, how and where it is used, its likelihood
to deteriorate, etc..
Formal thorough examinations are not a
substitute for any pre-use checks or routine
maintenance.
Inspection of the Workplace
Surface conditions and other permanent
features where work at height will be taking place
should be checked each time before work starts in
order to identify whether there are any obvious
defects.

Workplace
Maintenance
Frequency of maintenance will depend
on the equipment, the conditions in which it
is used and the manufacturers instructions.
Planned preventive maintenance
involves replacing parts or making
necessary adjustments at pre-set intervals.
Condition-based maintenance involves
monitoring the condition of safety-critical
parts and carrying out maintenance
whenever necessary e.g. hydraulic systems
in a MEWP.
Any equipment used in working at height which is found to be defective, must be
removed from service until repaired or destroyed.

Workplace
Competence
All personnel must be competent in the
inspection and maintenance tasks they are
required to perform.
Hired Equipment
Where work equipment is hired, it is
important that both the hire company and the
person responsible for hiring the equipment
agree upon which party will carry out safetyrelated inspection and maintenance. This
arrangement must be documented.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Fall Prevention
Fall Protection Equipment
When an elevated work location cannot be accessed safely from a ladder or
protected work platform or when the installation of guardrails is infeasible, fall
restraint or fall arrest systems may be used.
Personal fall-arrest system arrests a fall.
Personal fall-restraint system prevents a fall.
Fall Prevention
Fall Protection Equipment
A personal fall-arrest system
consists of an anchorage,
connectors, and a full-body harness
that work together to stop a fall and
to minimize the arrest force. Other
parts of the system will include a
lanyard, a deceleration device, and
may include a lifeline.
A personal fall-restraint system
prevents a worker from reaching an
unprotected edge and thus prevents
a fall from occurring. The system
consists of an anchorage point,
connectors and a body harness.
Fall Prevention
Fall Distance Calculation
When using a fall arrest system, the fall distance calculation must account for
the length of lanyard, deceleration distance, the height of the person wearing
the equipment (or the height of the D-ring attached to the back of the harness),
the position of the anchorage point, lanyard or rope elongation and a safety
factor.
Fall Prevention
Fall Protection Equipment- Safety Harness, Lanyards, Fall
Arrestor
Safety harnesses and associated equipment must be inspected daily or
before each use by the user and every three months by a competent person.
Harness used in a fall arrest situation must be withdrawn from service and not
re-used until a full examination has been performed.
Records of thorough examinations must be maintained.
All lanyards should be made from flame resistant materials.
Inertia reels may be used to enable safer movement in certain areas.
Fall Prevention
Fall Protection Equipment- Safety Harness, Lanyards, Fall
Arrestor
Lifelines used for the attachment of
safety harnesses must be:
Made from steel rope standard
12 mm .
Installed and validated by a
competent person.
Tensioned by turnbuckle or similar.
Designed to support the maximum
number of workers standard three
people.
Securely anchored a both ends
with triplicate wire rope clamps, at
points able to withstand the dynamic
load generated by a fall.
Control of Hazards
Guardrails (Edge protection)
A Guardrails should be used in situations when it is not reasonably
practicable to use temporary work platforms.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Permit to Work
Work Permit
A well designed Permit to Work System is always useful & additional
control to check safety points particularly while working on roof.
A permit to work may be required for
All work on roofs within 2 metres of an unprotected or inadequately
protected:
Edge or where there is a risk of falls from height.
All work on fragile roofs or within 2 metres of fragile material,
including:skylights.
All work above extraction stack fan level.
Any work at height where collective prevention methods could not
be used.
Permit to Work
Management Control
In addition to a permit to work system, management must place strict
controls over working at height activities which will include:.
Weekly inspection by Alstom management of all working at height
activities.
Findings, statistics, actions and management of change issues
relating to working at height activities will be discussed at weekly
operational meetings.
All contractors to be subject to a regular inspection regime by
Alstom management and taking contractual measures against any
contractor company for significant or repetitive deviations from
Alstom standards.
Disciplinary measures against persons who deliberately deviated
from Alstom standards or line management who allowed such
deviations. Such disciplinary measures will reflect the importance
that Alstom attach to working at height and may include a charge
of gross misconduct.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary

Rescue Plan
A rescue plan must be developed where
a safety harness is being used as a control
measure & when personnel may not able
to self Rescue.
A person suspended in a harness may
be unconscious within five minutes and
dead within fifteen minutes if help is
not immediately available.
Any method statement must include a
rescue plan that considers how an injured
worker could be safely recovered. Speed
of response is an essential consideration.
The emergency plan must be simulated
annually.
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Working at Height
Local Application
Left blank intentionally!
Content
Introduction
Working at Height
Control of Hazards
Fall Prevention
Permit to Work
Local Application
Summary
Working at Height
Summary
Work at height is work in any place, including a place at, above or below
ground level, where a person could be injured if they fell from that place.
Working at height include working on ladder, roof, adjacent to excavations etc.
Ladder should be used for short-term & light work.
Hazards while working on height include fall, trip, strike, Electrical, falling
object, collapse
Use roof ladder, crawling board & safety harness.
Ladder should be secured & installed at an angle of 4:1
All scaffolds must be designed, erected, altered and dismantled by a
competent person with adequate guardrails.
MEWP can provide safe access and safe working at heights,
Working at Height
Summary
Perform a Risk Assessment and implement controls proportionate to the risks.
Adopt the Hierarchy of Risk Management. Avoid Prevent Mitigate.
Always opt for collective protection in preference to personal protection.
Plan and Organize for adverse weather conditions, adequate supervision &
emergencies
Inspect and maintain the workplace equipment to ensure its continued safety.
Personal fall-arrest system arrests a fall.
Personal fall-restraint system prevents a fall.
A Guardrails should be used in situations when it is not reasonably practicable
to use temporary work platforms
NEW
www.alstom.com
GEMS_TM_9010_en
Change Record:
Revision
Date
Changes
Author
01
01.12.2009
Restructured as per new GEMS Power point template.

Introduce new contents & revised old contents considering
learning objectives & GEMS procedure.
Added slide Reference Documents
Edited Summary to reflect content of module
Added slide Change Record
Harish Makhija
02
29.10.2010
Ensure alignment of material with the new AIEP
Emmanuel Thouet

SAPI Working at Heights Training 2011

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NEW

Alstom International EHS Passport

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

Hazards Associated with Working at Heights

When working on fragile roofs:

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Avoid working at height.

If you dont have to go up there DONT.

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Steps for Safe Working at Height

Emergency Rescue Plan

Left blank intentionally!

Restructured as per new GEMS Power point template.

Ensure alignment of material with the new AIEP

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