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Профессиональный Документы
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20.2
Centralized Systems
Run on a single computer system and do not interact with other
computer systems.
unit, single user, usually has only one CPU and one or two hard disks;
the OS may support only one user.
20.3
20.4
Client-Server Systems
Server systems satisfy requests generated at m client systems, whose general
20.5
The interface between the front-end and the back-end is through SQL or
20.6
easier maintenance
20.7
20.8
Transaction Servers
Also called query server systems or SQL server systems
20.9
Server processes
20.10
Checkpoint process
Monitors other processes, and takes recovery actions if any of the other
processes fail
20.11
20.12
Buffer pool
Lock table
Log buffer
20.13
Data Servers
Used in high-speed LANs, in cases where
Locking
Data Caching
Lock Caching
20.14
Locking
20.15
Lock Caching
Server calls back locks from clients when it receives conflicting lock
request. Client returns lock once no local transaction is using it.
20.16
Parallel Systems
Parallel database systems consist of multiple processors and multiple
powerful processors
20.17
Measured by:
Scaleup: increase the size of both the problem and the system
Measured by:
20.18
Speedup
Speedup
Database System Concepts - 5th Edition
20.19
Scaleup
Scaleup
20.20
Transaction scaleup:
20.21
bus, disks, or locks) compete with each other, thus spending time
waiting on other processes, rather than performing useful work.
20.22
communication bus;
20.23
Interconnection Architectures
20.24
common disk
20.25
20.26
Shared Memory
Processors and disks have access to a common memory, typically via
20.27
Shared Disk
All processors can directly access all disks via an interconnection
subsystem.
20.28
Shared Nothing
Node consists of a processor, memory, and one or more disks.
20.29
Hierarchical
Combines characteristics of shared-memory, shared-disk, and shared-
nothing architectures.
processors.
virtual-memory architectures
20.30
Distributed Systems
Data spread over multiple machines (also referred to as sites or nodes).
Network interconnects the machines
Data shared by users on multiple machines
20.31
Distributed Databases
Homogeneous distributed databases
20.32
stored locally.
replicated at remote sites, and system can function even if a site fails.
20.33
Basic idea: each site executes transaction until just before commit, and
the leaves final decision to a coordinator
20.34
Network Types
Local-area networks (LANs) composed of processors that are
20.35
discontinuous connection:
Data is replicated.
20.36
End of Chapter