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  • Philippines FFW

    Загружено:

    RicMartin
    44 просмотров25 страниц
    Best Answer: Unemployment = actively looking for, but unable to find employment Underemployment = employed, but not fulltime and or not employed at one's full potential given education, experience and training - can be subjective. Fiscal policy could ease the tax burden on job creators to allow them to maintain current hiring levels and possibly increase them. It could also be used to ease the tax burden on the consumer side by allowing people to have more expendible income thereby spurring demand.... Monetary policy: on this side loans for both consumers and producers could be eased via interest rates. At a point though people get wise to debt and reject this path. Unemployment is a situation where people who are willing and able to work at the on going wage rate can find jobs. While under employment is a situation where resources of a country are under utilized Underemployment refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some important way for the worker, relative to a standard. An unemployed person is someone who is not working, but is seeking employment. PHILIPPINE CONTEXT Philippine labor statistics define “unemployment” as a situation of workers at least 15 years old and over who are without work but currently seeking work. Included with this case are workers who seek work but believe no job is available, who await the results of a job application, a rehire or job recall or who are temporarily ill. “Underemployment” covers those employed persons who are still looking for work but could not find one satisfactorily. “Visible” underemployment involves laborers who work for less than 40 hours per week. “Invisible” underemployment includes those persons who work 40 hours or less per week. (40 hours per week represent the average 8 hour workday for five days of the week.) Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1 Not included in the definition of the labor force are full time housewives and students who are classified as dependents of the labor force, and retirees. “The unemployed.” Unemployed and most underemployed laborers get the worst deal in life. Some are dependent temporarily on their hard-earned savings accumulated before, but others are dependent on other members of the family for support. The age group that suffers most from unemployment is the young, those in the ages of 15 to 24 years. They account for half of all unemployed workers in the labor force. In actual terms, 16 percent of them are unemployed compared to the average unemployment rate of 10 percent of the labor force. Worldwide Problem - Unemployment and Underemployment Updated on July 15, 2011 Unemployment and Underemployment Considered as the two of the “hard to solve” socio-economic problems that can cause undesirable effects on the individual’s economic and social status. Unemployment - refers to as a jobless condition while Underemployment refers to as a condition wherein an employed individual’s work is insufficient to fulfill his needs. There are social and political implications of underemployment such as Poverty – it may cause the increase in crime rate, squatting, malnutrition; Unemployed people may also blame the government because of the latter’s incapability to provide or generate jobs for the masses; It would also gradually degenerate moral community norms and values; Unemployed individuals may eventually address their distrust to the church. The Causes of Unemployment are the following: Institutions have “under-subscription” of long-term courses and “over-subscription” on common courses. Physical and natural cause such as calamities Frequent change in season Influx of technological inventions Discrimination in the workplace Prospective workers outlook toward employment Population growth The effects of unemployment in Economy-Malnutritionand Increase of the number of out of school youth; Morality - Employed individuals may tend to engage into

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    Best Answer: Unemployment = actively looking for, but unable to find employment Underemployment = employed, but not fulltime and or not employed at one's full potential given education, experience and training - can be subjective. Fiscal policy could ease the tax burden on job creators to allow them to maintain current hiring levels and possibly increase them. It could also be used to ease the tax burden on the consumer side by allowing people to have more expendible income thereby spurring demand.... Monetary policy: on this side loans for both consumers and producers could be eased via interest rates. At a point though people get wise to debt and reject this path. Unemployment is a situation where people who are willing and able to work at the on going wage rate can find jobs. While under employment is a situation where resources of a country are under utilized Underemployment refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some important way for the worker, relative to a standard. An unemployed person is someone who is not working, but is seeking employment. PHILIPPINE CONTEXT Philippine labor statistics define “unemployment” as a situation of workers at least 15 years old and over who are without work but currently seeking work. Included with this case are workers who seek work but believe no job is available, who await the results of a job application, a rehire or job recall or who are temporarily ill. “Underemployment” covers those employed persons who are still looking for work but could not find one satisfactorily. “Visible” underemployment involves laborers who work for less than 40 hours per week. “Invisible” underemployment includes those persons who work 40 hours or less per week. (40 hours per week represent the average 8 hour workday for five days of the week.) Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1 Not included in the definition of the labor force are full time housewives and students who are classified as dependents of the labor force, and retirees. “The unemployed.” Unemployed and most underemployed laborers get the worst deal in life. Some are dependent temporarily on their hard-earned savings accumulated before, but others are dependent on other members of the family for support. The age group that suffers most from unemployment is the young, those in the ages of 15 to 24 years. They account for half of all unemployed workers in the labor force. In actual terms, 16 percent of them are unemployed compared to the average unemployment rate of 10 percent of the labor force. Worldwide Problem - Unemployment and Underemployment Updated on July 15, 2011 Unemployment and Underemployment Considered as the two of the “hard to solve” socio-economic problems that can cause undesirable effects on the individual’s economic and social status. Unemployment - refers to as a jobless condition while Underemployment refers to as a condition wherein an employed individual’s work is insufficient to fulfill his needs. There are social and political implications of underemployment such as Poverty – it may cause the increase in crime rate, squatting, malnutrition; Unemployed people may also blame the government because of the latter’s incapability to provide or generate jobs for the masses; It would also gradually degenerate moral community norms and values; Unemployed individuals may eventually address their distrust to the church. The Causes of Unemployment are the following: Institutions have “under-subscription” of long-term courses and “over-subscription” on common courses. Physical and natural cause such as calamities Frequent change in season Influx of technological inventions Discrimination in the workplace Prospective workers outlook toward employment Population growth The effects of unemployment in Economy-Malnutritionand Increase of the number of out of school youth; Morality - Employed individuals may tend to engage into

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    44 просмотров25 страниц

    Philippines FFW

    Загружено:

    RicMartin
    Best Answer: Unemployment = actively looking for, but unable to find employment Underemployment = employed, but not fulltime and or not employed at one's full potential given education, experience and training - can be subjective. Fiscal policy could ease the tax burden on job creators to allow them to maintain current hiring levels and possibly increase them. It could also be used to ease the tax burden on the consumer side by allowing people to have more expendible income thereby spurring demand.... Monetary policy: on this side loans for both consumers and producers could be eased via interest rates. At a point though people get wise to debt and reject this path. Unemployment is a situation where people who are willing and able to work at the on going wage rate can find jobs. While under employment is a situation where resources of a country are under utilized Underemployment refers to an employment situation that is insufficient in some important way for the worker, relative to a standard. An unemployed person is someone who is not working, but is seeking employment. PHILIPPINE CONTEXT Philippine labor statistics define “unemployment” as a situation of workers at least 15 years old and over who are without work but currently seeking work. Included with this case are workers who seek work but believe no job is available, who await the results of a job application, a rehire or job recall or who are temporarily ill. “Underemployment” covers those employed persons who are still looking for work but could not find one satisfactorily. “Visible” underemployment involves laborers who work for less than 40 hours per week. “Invisible” underemployment includes those persons who work 40 hours or less per week. (40 hours per week represent the average 8 hour workday for five days of the week.) Business ( Article MRec ), pagematch: 1, sectionmatch: 1 Not included in the definition of the labor force are full time housewives and students who are classified as dependents of the labor force, and retirees. “The unemployed.” Unemployed and most underemployed laborers get the worst deal in life. Some are dependent temporarily on their hard-earned savings accumulated before, but others are dependent on other members of the family for support. The age group that suffers most from unemployment is the young, those in the ages of 15 to 24 years. They account for half of all unemployed workers in the labor force. In actual terms, 16 percent of them are unemployed compared to the average unemployment rate of 10 percent of the labor force. Worldwide Problem - Unemployment and Underemployment Updated on July 15, 2011 Unemployment and Underemployment Considered as the two of the “hard to solve” socio-economic problems that can cause undesirable effects on the individual’s economic and social status. Unemployment - refers to as a jobless condition while Underemployment refers to as a condition wherein an employed individual’s work is insufficient to fulfill his needs. There are social and political implications of underemployment such as Poverty – it may cause the increase in crime rate, squatting, malnutrition; Unemployed people may also blame the government because of the latter’s incapability to provide or generate jobs for the masses; It would also gradually degenerate moral community norms and values; Unemployed individuals may eventually address their distrust to the church. The Causes of Unemployment are the following: Institutions have “under-subscription” of long-term courses and “over-subscription” on common courses. Physical and natural cause such as calamities Frequent change in season Influx of technological inventions Discrimination in the workplace Prospective workers outlook toward employment Population growth The effects of unemployment in Economy-Malnutritionand Increase of the number of out of school youth; Morality - Employed individuals may tend to engage into

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PPT, PDF, TXT или читайте онлайн в Scribd
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    из 25

    FFW Report on

    Migration

    Antonio C. Asper, Head, PSI-RPDAO-FFW and


    Precy Villacorta, Chairperson, FFW Womens
    Network
    Philippines

    Part I: Extent and Profile of Filipino Migration

    Stock and Flow


    Growth Rate
    Occupational Spread
    Georaphic Spread
    Profile of Migrant Workers and their
    Households

    Stock and Flow of Filipino Overseas

    In 2007, 8.7 million Filipinos were working or living in 194


    countries, of whom:
    4.1M were temporary overseas workers (OFWs)
    3.7M were permanently living abroad (emigrants)
    0.9M were irregular workers (or undocumented)
    About 3,000 workers leave for overseas work everyday. The
    greater bulk comprises circular migrant workers.

    DeployedOverseas
    ContractWorkers
    19912008(Growth
    Rate)
    Source: Commission of Overseas Filipinos_
    IMD PB Series #1

    Most Filipino Migrant Workers are


    employed in low technology occupations

    Lately,thereisatrendtoemploymentofprofessional
    4
    andskilledworkers...

    In what occupations do OFWs Work?

    Serviceoccupationstopthelist,followedbyproductionand
    relatedworkers,thenbyprofessionalandtechnical
    occupations.
    Source:IMD,PBSeries#2

    Where Female OFWs Work

    Largely in Service, as domestic workers (900k), followed


    by Sales and then by Production workers
    Source:IMD,PBSeries#1

    Geographic Spread of Filipino Migration,


    2007
    Region
    Africa
    Asia, East and South
    Asia, West
    Europe
    Americas / TT
    Oceania

    Status
    Permanent

    Temporary

    Irregular

    Total

    1,983

    69,880

    18,540

    90,403

    213,736

    747,069

    258,640

    1,219,445

    4,082

    2,055,647

    121,850

    2,181,579

    284,987

    555,542

    112,990

    953,519

    2,943,812

    354,352

    354,843

    3,653,007

    243,927

    84,927

    33,160

    362,014

    Sea-based
    World Total

    266,553
    3,692,527

    Source:CommissionofOverseasFilipinos

    4,133,970

    266,553
    900,023

    8,726,520
    7

    Profile of
    Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs)
    About a third of OFWs are single
    In 2004, about 46% are heads/spouses of Households (HH),
    while 37% are sons/daughters of HH heads
    Sea-based migrant workers are male-dominated; land-based
    migrant workers are female-dominated. Migrant workers in
    services are mostly women; migrant workers in production are
    mostly men. Total migrant workers are preponderantly landbased. The trend is towards feminization of migration, both
    temporary and permanent.
    Prior to migration, 11% of emigrants were employed as
    professionals; 21% were unemployed housewives
    Older workers are comprising a growing share of OFWs
    College graduates make up the largest share of OFWs
    Source: Ducanes and Abella, OFWs and their Impact on Poverty, ILO Regional ProgrammeOn Governance
    of Labour Migration, WP #5, Jan. 2008; IMD PB Series #2, 2009
    8

    Profile of Migrant Households


    Survey Data in 2006 shows Migrant Household heads
    left behind are 68% males and 42% females;
    Educational attainment of Household heads left behind
    are mostly high school or college undergraduates
    Household Members left behind average 4 per
    household
    By relationship to household heads, Filipino migrant
    workers are 46% spouses or heads, 37% are sons or
    daughters, 9% or sons or daughters in law, the
    remainder are others

    Source:IMD,PBSeries#3

    Part II: Migration and Development


    in the Philippines

    Economic Contributions of Filipino Migrants


    Impact of Migration on Poverty Alleviation
    Do Heads of Migrant Households Still Work?
    Decent Work Deficit in Migrant Work

    10

    Contribution of OFWs to the Phil. Economy


    Ease unemployment and
    under-employment
    In the last 5 years ending
    2008, they remit an
    average of US$12Billion a
    year to the Philippine
    economy. Philippines is 4th
    among the countries with
    biggest inward dollar
    remittances from migrant
    workers
    Remittances make up 9.6%
    of the GNP in 2000, up
    from 2% in the 80s and
    4.8% in the 90s
    6% of all Households
    receive financial support
    from their relatives abroad
    Reduce poverty

    11

    Impact of Migration on Poverty


    Families with migrant
    workers climb up the
    income ladder quite
    rapidly within one year
    of migrant working
    A significant number of
    these come from poor
    households, especially
    when the migrant
    worker possesses
    higher education.

    Source: Ducanes and Abella, OFWs and their Impact on


    Poverty,ILO

    2003

    2006

    12

    Do heads of migrant household still work?


    2006

    2003

    Majorityoftheheadsstillwork,alargeportion(27%)ofwhichareself
    employedwhilesome10%establishfamilyownedsmallbusinessesand
    13
    employworkersthemselves

    Source:IMD,PBSeries#2

    How Decent is Migrant Work? On a scale of High,


    Medium and Low, Our Perception is...
    Decent Work Indicator

    Global Law National Law


    and Practice and Practice
    Medium to
    High

    High in Quantity
    Low to Medium in
    Quality

    Respect for Fundamental


    Rights and Principles at
    Work

    Low

    Low

    Social Protection

    Low

    Low

    Social Dialogue

    Medium to
    High

    Medium to
    High

    Employment

    14

    Part III: Philippine Policy Framework on


    Migration for Work

    Problems in Migrant Work


    Policy Framework
    Constraints to Protection of Migrant Workers
    What else is Lacking?

    15

    Problems Encountered
    Recruitment
    Violations
    Overcharging of fees
    Misrepresentation
    Contract substitution
    Submission of
    falsified documents
    Illegal recruitment

    Employment-Related
    Problems
    Contract violations
    (delayed wages)
    Pre-termination of
    contracts
    Maltreatment (verbal,
    physical, etc) and abuse
    Confiscation of passports
    and travel documents

    Trafficking of Persons, culture-isolation and


    broken families plague migrant work. Lately,
    involvement in drug syndicates have been16
    reported

    Philippine Government
    Policy Framework on Migration
    Regulation: legislation (Labor Code and R.A.

    ) licensing, rules and


    standards on recruitment and placement, pre-departure orientation,
    sanctions, ratification of international instruments (ILO Conventions 97
    and145; UN Convention on Migrants, CEDAW)

    Protection: self-organizaiton (unionism and mutual benefit associations)


    bilateral labor agreements, protection from illegal recruitment activities,
    welfare program and services, voluntary social insurance, group life
    insurance, training, support to OFW families and during emergency
    repatration, adjudication of worker-employer conflicts, on-site monitoring and
    assistance

    Re-integration: training and re-training, domestic employment


    matching, self-employment assistance, assistance in setting up businesses,
    family counselling and community organizing, loans for livelihood

    Theoverallframeworkisgoodbutitsapplicationisfaulty,
    17
    especiallyinrespecttoselforganization.

    Constraints to Protecting Migrant Workers

    Workers Education and Self-Organization


    Narrowing the Development Gap
    Cultural Divide
    Absence of Counterpart Protective Mechanism in
    Destination Countries
    Absence of Binding International Protocols
    ProtectionofMigrantWorkisasharedresponsibility
    betweenandamongthesocialpartnersandtheSourceand
    Destinationcountries
    Source:Sto.Tomas,Patricia,ProtectingMigrantWorkersfromthePhilippines,
    ILOAsianRegionalProgramonGovernanceofLaborMigration,WorkingPaper#21,2009

    18

    What more is needed in both sending


    and receiving countries?

    Informed and
    transparent labour
    migration admission
    system
    Standards-based
    approach to migration
    management
    Plan of action against
    discrimination and
    xenophobia
    Creation of specialized
    institutions

    Combating trafficking

    and exploitation
    Promoting decent work
    in migrant work
    Solidarity with migrant
    workers
    Combating the police
    approach and
    regulating the labour
    market
    Bilateral & multilateral
    labor agreements
    19

    Part IV: Unionization and Union Actions


    on Migrant Workers

    Global Patterns of Union Action


    Improving Trade Union Models
    What FFW is Doing
    What else should Unions do?

    20

    What Unions are doing

    Large scale political action


    and mobilization: e.g,
    postcard campaign, antiracism and xenophobia
    Advocacy for the
    protection of migrant
    workers
    Continuing large scale
    organizing among migrant
    workers in their workplace
    and communities
    Organizing area-wide
    works councils and
    issuing agricultural
    employment vouchers

    Providing direct services for


    migrant workers: legal,
    education and training,
    accommodations,
    Negotiating collective
    bargaining agreements and
    bargaining for equality
    Production of tool kits and
    facilitating access to
    information via online
    services
    union to union agreements
    between sending and
    receiving countries
    UNI passport
    21

    Improving the Trade Union Models


    Union to union arrangement, including GUFs
    Employment Promotion and Cultural Integration
    through skills development and language
    learning
    Institutional Social Protection plus union-based
    social protection scheme
    Regional Advocacy: in APEC, AFTA, SAARC
    TU-NGO Cooperation and Networking
    Decent Work as an Overall Framework

    22

    FFW Programs and Actions on


    Filipino Migrant Workers

    Organization of communities of Migrant Households


    Prosecution of Migrant workers claims in adjudication
    mechanisms
    Language Training (Finishing course in English)
    Advocacies for the protection of migrant workers rights and
    promotion of their interest and welfare
    Facilitate access to public services in training and in enrollment
    with the Flexi Fund of the SSS
    Proposed Union to Union Agreements in Managing the Flow of
    Migrant Workers

    23

    FFW Proposal: Union2Union


    Design for Managing Deployment
    ROLE: Union (SC)

    ROLE
    Governor
    Mediator
    Arbiter

    ITUC/GUF

    Organizing

    Legend:
    PHIC : Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
    OWWA: Overseas Workers Welfare Administration
    SSS; Social Security Commission
    DFA: Department of Foreign Affairs
    POEA: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration
    DOLE: Department of Labor & Employment
    MFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    EB: Equivalent Body
    GUF: General Union Federation

    workers and membership


    enrollment
    Manpower pooling, data-basing and
    INTERNATIONAL
    documentation
    INSTRUMENTS
    Skills training, assessment and
    certification
    Recruitment, Selection, hiring and
    UN Conventions & Protocols
    placement
    ILO Convention and Recommendations
    Pre-departure orientation seminar
    Rights and interests representation
    Post-placement services
    DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS
    Repatriation
    Re-integration
    MFA
    Private to Private
    PHIC
    DFA

    Union
    Sending
    Country (SC)

    Worker
    Private
    Agency(ies)

    OWWA

    POEA

    SSS

    DOLE

    Government to Government
    Government to Private
    Private to Government
    DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS

    ROLE: Union (RC)


    Placement
    Representation
    Protection
    Training, assessment and
    Certification
    Post-placement in-country
    services
    Repatriation
    EB

    EB

    EB

    EB

    EB

    Union
    Receiving
    Country (RC)

    Employer

    LAW AND PRACTICE and IFAs


    Private
    Agency(ies)
    24

    Thank you
    &

    25

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