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Lquido saturado
Lquido subenfriado
t0 = Temperatura de referencia
Vapor saturado
Vapor sobrecalentado
t0 = Temperatura de referencia
zF = 0.40
Lquido + Vapor
T = 80 C
T C
LF
VF
80
Regla de mezclas
VF
LF
HVF HF
--- = --------VF
HF - HLF
HF
LF
x
zF
LF
y zF
--- = ------VF
zF - x
LF
y zF
--- = ------VF
zF - x
LF
--- =
VF
LF
HVF HF
--- = --------VF
HF - HLF
HVF = Entalpa de un vapor saturado de composicin
y
HLF = Entalpa de un lquido saturado de composicin
x
HVF + (LF/VF) . HLF
HF = ----------------1 + LF/VF
Tabla 2.196
Ecuacin 1
CLi. Mwi. = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
Ecuacin 2
CLi. Mwi. = C12 / t + C2 (2 C1 . C3) t (C1. C4) t2
(C3)2/3 t3 - (C3 . C4 / 2) t4 (C4)2/5.t5
T = K
t = (1 Tr)
Tr = T / Tc
Factores de conversin
J / Kmol - K x 2.390 x 10-4 = cal/ mol -C
J / Kmol - K x 2.390059 x 10-4 = BTU/lb mol - F
Tabla 2.193
i. Mwi = J / Kmol
i. Mwi. = C1 (1 Tr)
C2 + C3 . Tr + C4 . Tr2
Tr = T / Tc
T = K
Factores de conversin
J / Kmol x 2.390 x 10-4 = cal/ mol
J / Kmol x 4.302106 x 10-4 = BTU/lb mol
Calores de mezcla : Hs
Fuente: Tablas Crticas Internacionales
moles A
moles A
xA = ------------ = ---------------moles totales
moles A + moles B
% peso A/MwA
xA = ----------------------------% peso A/MwA + % peso B/MwB
Hs =( Q
J /g
mezcla
) * Mwprom
J / g mol mezcla
n =
moles A / mol B
n
xA = -----n + 1
Hs =( Q
1
KJ /g mol B) * -----(n + 1)
KJ / g mol mezcla
n = % molar A
Hs =( Q
100 - n
KJ / mol B) * -------100
KJ / g mol mezcla
xCCl4
1.0000
0.0000
0.8153
0.1790
0.6693
0.2640
0.5393
0.3110
0.4001
0.3070
0.2838
0.2760
0.1425
0.1800
0.0934
0.1270
0.0000
0.0000
xA
KJ/Kmol mix
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.000
0.8153
0.1847
0.1790
179.000
0.6693
0.3307
0.2640
264.000
0.5393
0.4607
0.3110
311.000
0.4001
0.5999
0.3070
307.000
0.2838
0.7162
0.2760
276.000
0.1425
0.8575
0.1800
180.000
0.0934
0.9066
0.1270
127.000
0.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.000
Calor de mezcla
Etanol - Agua
0.95
KJ/gmol
etanol
-6.2360
0.45
KJ/gmol
etanol
-0.2430
0.90
-4.5280
0.40
-0.1670
0.85
-3.2810
0.35
-0.1090
0.80
-2.3560
0.30
-0.0750
0.75
-1.6910
0.25
-0.0420
0.70
-1.2000
0.20
-0.0230
0.65
-0.8700
0.15
-0.0130
0.60
-0.6490
0.10
-0.0063
0.55
-0.4650
0.05
-0.0029
0.50
-0.3430
xagua
xagua
Pgina 160
Tabla N 6
T = 42.05 C
n = % molar agua
100 - n
HS = Q . -------100
xagua
Hs
BTU/lbmol mezcla
xagua
Hs
BTU/lbmol mezcla
1.00
0.000
0.45
-57.458
0.95
-134.047
0.40
-43.077
0.90
-194.664
0.35
-30.459
0.85
-211.581
0.30
-22.570
0.80
-202.575
0.25
-13.542
0.75
-181.745
0.20
-7.910
0.70
-154.768
0.15
-4.751
0.65
-130.908
0.10
-2.438
0.60
-111.605
0.05
-1.184
0.55
-89.959
0.00
0.000
0.50
-73.730
xetanol
Hs
BTU/lbmol mezcla
xetanol
Hs
BTU/lbmol mezcla
0.00
0.000
0.55
-57.458
0.05
-134.047
0.60
-43.077
0.10
-194.664
0.65
-30.459
0.15
-211.581
0.70
-22.570
0.20
-202.575
0.75
-13.542
0.25
-181.745
0.80
-7.910
0.30
-154.768
0.85
-4.751
0.35
-130.908
0.90
-2.438
0.40
-111.605
0.95
-1.184
0.45
-89.959
1.00
0.000
0.50
-73.730
T C
80.60
0.00
0.0000
74.70
0.50
0.6586
80.00
0.05
0.0630
73.40
0.55
0.7102
79.50
0.10
0.1300
72.90
0.60
0.7558
79.10
0.15
0.2006
72.00
0.65
0.7966
78.30
0.20
0.2722
71.00
0.70
0.8343
77.90
0.25
0.3427
69.80
0.75
0.8707
77.10
0.30
0.4146
68.80
0.80
0.9047
76.80
0.35
0.4848
66.20
0.85
0.9329
75.90
0.40
0.5488
64.10
0.90
0.9572
75.30
0.45
0.6052
63.00
0.95
0.9794
74.70
0.50
0.6586
61.40
1.00
1.0000
CLi. Mwi. = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
Cloroformo 1.2485E+05
-1.6634E+02
4.3209E-01
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
Benceno
-1.6950E+02
6.4781E-01
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
1.2944E+05
i. Mwi. = C1 (1 Tr)
C1
C2 + C3 . Tr + C4 . Tr2
C2
C3
C4
Tc K
Cloroformo 4.1860E+07
0.3584
536.40
Benceno
0.45238
0.0534
-0.1181
562.16
4.7500E+07
Calor de mezcla: Hs
% peso
cloroformo
0
J/g mezcla
Pgina 158
18 C
Cloroformo
Benceno
0.00
10
-1.13
20
-2.01
30
-2.64
40
-3.10
50
-3.31
60
-3-31
70
-3.18
80
-2.89
90
-2.05
100
0.00
% peso A/MwA
xA = ------------------------% peso A/MwA + % peso B/MwB
Hs =( Q J /gmezcla ) * Mwprom
J / g mol mezcla
Calor de mezcla: Hs
% peso CCl4
J/g mezcla
18 C
xCCl4
KJ/Kmol mezcla
0.00
0.0000
0.00
10
-1.13
0.0678
-91.43
20
-2.01
0.1406
-168.66
30
-2.64
0.2190
-230.08
40
-3.10
0.3037
-281.00
50
-3.31
0.3955
-312.58
60
-3-31
0.4953
-326.22
70
-3.18
0.6042
-327.70
80
-2.89
0.7235
-312.05
90
-2.05
0.8548
-232.46
100
0.00
1.0000
0.00
CLA.MWA
CLB.MwB
CL . Mwprom
T C
80.60
0.00
0.00
80.00
0.05
-68.11
79.50
0.10
-127.24
79.10
0.15
-177.48
78.30
0.20
-218.96
77.90
0.25
-252.24
77.10
0.30
-278.14
HS
HL
T C
80.60
0.0000
80.00
0.0630
79.50
0.1300
79.10
0.2006
78.30
0.2722
77.90
0.3427
77.10
0.4146
76.80
0.4848
CLA.MWA
CLB.MwB
A.MWA
B.MwB
HV
H
HV vs y
HL vs x
x , y
Ejemplos de clculo de
entalpas
Ejemplo 1:
Calcular la entalpa molar de una mezcla lquida de
cloroformo y benceno, que contiene 30 moles % de
cloroformo, a la presin de 760 mm Hg y a una
temperatura de 25 C.
xA = 0.30
tL = 25 C
Lquido subenfriado
tL = 25 C = 298.15 K
t0 = 18 C = 291.15 K
Hs = - 436.5958 x6 + 4003.4297 x5 - 5617.3018
x4 + 1994.4031 x3 + 1487.6691 x2 - 1430.9938 x
- 0.4929
x = 0.30
Hs = - 278.14 KJ / Kmol
tL = 25 C = 298.15 K
t0 = 18 C = 291.15 K
tprom = 294.65 K
CLi. Mwi. = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
Para el cloroformo (A) :
Cloroformo
C1
C2
C3
1.2485E+05
-1.6634E+02
4.3209E-01
C4
0.0000E+00
C5
0.0000E+00
C1
C2
C3
1.2944E+05
-1.6950E+02
6.4781E-01
C4
0.0000E+00
C5
0.0000E+00
Ejemplo 2:
Calcular la entalpa molar de una mezcla lquida de
cloroformo y benceno, que contiene 30 moles % de
cloroformo, a la presin de 760 mm Hg y a una
temperatura de 77.10 C.
xA = 0.30
tL = 77.10 C
Lquido saturado
Hs = - 436.5958 x6 + 4003.4297 x5
x4 + 1994.4031 x3 + 1487.6691 x2 - 0.4929
x = 0.30
- 5617.3018
1430.9938 x
Hs = - 278.14 KJ / Kmol
tprom = 320.70 K
CLi. Mwi. = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
Para el cloroformo (A) :
C1
Cloroformo
1.2485E+05
C2
C3
C4
C5
-1.6634E+02
4.3209E-01
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
1.2944E+05
C2
C3
-1.6950E+02
6.4781E-01
C4
0.0000E+00
C5
0.0000E+00
Ejemplo 3:
Calcular la entalpa molar de un vapor que contiene
65.86 moles % de cloroformo y 34.14 moles % de
benceno, a la presin de 760 mm Hg y a una
temperatura de 74.70 C.
yA = 0.6586
tV = 74.70 C
Vapor saturado
YA = 0.6586
t0 = 18 C = 291.15 K
YB = 0.3414
tprom = 319.50 K
CLi. Mwi. = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
Para el cloroformo (A) :
C1
Cloroformo 1.2485E+05
C2
C3
C4
C5
-1.6634E+02
4.3209E-01
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
C2
C3
C4
C5
-1.6950E+02
6.4781E-01
0.0000E+00
0.0000E+00
C2 + C3 . Tr + C4 . Tr2
Para el cloroformo:
C1
Cloroformo 4.1860E+07
C2
0.3584
C3
0
C4
Tc K
536.40
0.3584
Para el benceno
C1
C2
C3
C4
Tc K
562.16
Ejemplo 4:
Estimar la entalpa molar para mezclas de
metanol
y
agua,
segn
las
siguientes
especificaciones:
CASO Fraccin molar Temperatura
A
0.30
78 c
0.30
25 c
0.825
71.2 C
0.825
90C
0.30
80 C
metanol
agua
0.00
0.000
100.0
0.02
0.134
96.4
0.04
0.230
93.5
0.06
0.304
91.2
0.08
0.365
89.3
0.10
0.418
87.7
0.15
0.517
84.4
0.20
0.579
81.7
0.30
0.665
78.0
0.40
0.729
75.3
0.50
0.779
73.1
0.60
0.825
71.2
0.70
0.870
69.3
0.80
0.915
67.6
0.90
0.958
66.0
0.95
0.979
65.0
1.00
1.000
64.5
CLi . Mwi = C1 + C2 . T + C3 . T2 + C4 . T3 + C5 . T4
J/Kmol -K
T = K
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
1.0580E+05
-3.6223E+02
9.3791E-01
2.7637E+05
-2.0901E+03
0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
i . Mwi =
C1 ( 1 - Tr )
C2 + C3 . Tr + C4 . Tr2
J / Kmol
C1
C2
C3
C4
Metanol
5.2390E+07
0.3682
512.64 K
Agua
5.2053E+07
0.3199
-0.212
0.25795
647.13 K
Tc
xagua
Q KJ/g mol
metanol
0.70
-2.2640
0.75
-2.6910
0.00
0.0000
0.05
-0.0710
0.80
-3.1850
0.10
-0.1510
0.85
-3.7250
0.15
-0.2510
0.90
-4.3520
0.20
-0.3560
0.95
-4.9970
1.00
0.0000
0.25
-0.4730
0.30
-0.5940
0.35
-0.7240
0.40
-0.8660
0.45
-1.0130
0.50
-1.1930
0.55
-1.4020
0.60
-1.6320
0.65
-1.9080
xB
xA
Q KJ/gmol A
Hs KJ/Kmol mezcla
0.00
1.00
0.0000
0.000
0.05
0.95
-0.0710
-67.450
0.10
0.90
-0.1510
-135.900
0.15
0.85
-0.2510
-213.350
0.20
0.80
-0.3560
-284.800
0.25
0.75
-0.4730
-354.750
0.30
0.70
-0.5940
-415.800
0.35
0.65
-0.7240
-470.600
0.40
0.60
-0.8660
-519.600
0.45
0.55
-1.0130
-557.150
0.50
0.50
-1.1930
-596.500
0.55
0.45
-1.4020
-630.900
0.60
0.40
-1.6320
-652.800
0.65
0.35
-1.9080
-667.800
xB
xA
Q KJ/gmol A
Hs KJ/Kmol mezcla
0.70
0.30
-2.2640
-679.200
0.75
0.25
-2.6910
-672.750
0.80
0.20
-3.1850
-637.000
0.85
0.15
-3.7250
-558.750
0.90
0.10
-4.3520
-435.200
0.95
0.05
-4.9970
-249.850
1.00
0.00
0.0000
0.000
KJ/Kmol mezcla
x = 0.30
T = 78.0 C
T C
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
CL . Mwprom
89.26822
75.31323
79.49972
78.0 0.30
x = 0.30
T = 25.0 C
T C
25.0 0.30
Lquido
saturado
Hs
-681.09
HL KJ/Kmol
2151.4828
Lquido
subenfriado
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
CL . Mwprom
Hs
HL KJ/Kmol
82.95630
75.27860
77.58191
-681.09
- 2028.6901
y = 0.825
T = 71.2 C
T
C
71.2 0.825
Vapor
saturado
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
A MWA
88.38472
75.28430
34764.0295
B MWB
42076.6390 38525.7728
x = 0.825
Vapor
T = 90.0 C
sobrecalentado
T
C
90.0 0.825
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
A MWA
90.88022
75.37848
33280.3305
HV KJ/Kmol
B MWB
HV KJ/Kmol
41258.6325 38875.9473
y = 0.30
Lquido + Vapor
T = 80.0 C
T C
80
0.243
0.61
8
LF
y zF
--- = ------VF
zF - x
LF
0.618 0.30
--- = -----------VF
0.30 0.243
LF
--- = 5.57895
VF
HVF + (LF/VF) . HLF
HF = ----------------1 + LF/VF
80.0 0.618
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
A MWA
89.5321
9
75.3228
8
34083.320
5
B MWB
HV KJ/Kmol
41700.865 40158.065
9
2
80.0 0.243
CLA MWA
CLB MWB
CL . Mwprom
Hs
HL KJ/Kmol
89.53219
75.3228
8
78.77574
-665.93
2298.3965
HF = 8053.06612 KJ/Kmol