Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
HEAT
Rubbing or
friction
between 2
objects can
produce
heat
Sourc
es of
heat
2 objects
hitting
each other
can
produce
heat
5) Useful of heat:
a) drying b) ironing
c) cooking
d) keeping
warm
Temperature
1) Temperature is the measure of the degree of
hotness or coldness of an object.
2) A thermometer is used to measure
temperature. The SI unit of temperature is the
kelvin, (K). However, the commonly used unit is
degree Celsius (0C).
3) Hot substances have high temperatures whereas
cold substances have low temperatures.
Heat
Temperat
ure
A form of energy
A measure of the
hotness or
coldness of an
object
Can do work
Cannot do work
5) 3 types of thermometers:
Type of
thermome
ter
Range
temperatu
re
Use
Mercury in
glass laboratory
thermometer
Measures
temperature
when doing
experiments
Clinical
thermometer
35 0C and 42 0C
Measures body
temperature
Alcohol in
glass
thermometer
-117 0C and 78
0
C
Measures very
low
temperatures
Matter
Is heated
Is cooled
Particles absorb
heat
Particles release
heat
Particles receive
energy and move
faster
The distance
between the
particles increase
The distance
between the particles
decreases
The matter
expands
The matter
contracts
ball.
3) Different metals expand at different rates:
Aluminium
Brass
expansion
increases
Copper
Iron
Invar
Aluminium
Copper
Heated
Brass
Iron
difference rates
Benzene
Alcohol
increases
Water
expand
Mercury
Transfer of Heat
1) Heat can be transferred from a hot to a cold place by the
process of :
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
CONDUCTION
1) Conduction is the transfer of heat energy between
CONVECTION
1) Convection is the transfer of heat in fluids (liquids and
Convection in liquid
Convection
RADIATION
1) Radiation is the transfer of heat without involving a
medium.
2) Radiation can take place through air space or a
vacuum.
3) Radiation heat moves at the speed of light.
4) Radiation heat can be absorbed or reflected
Convecti
on
Radiation
Medium
Solid
Fluid (liquid
or gas)
Solid, liquid or
gas / no
medium
Take place in
Vacuum
No
No
Yes
Speed
Slow
Faster than
conduction
Very fast
Way heat is
transfer
Heat is
transfer from
particle to
particle
through
vibration
Heat is
brought by
the heated
particles that
move
upwards
Heat moves in
the form of
waves in a
straight line
2) SEA BREEZE
1) Sea breeze blow during the day.
2) During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea.
3) The air on surface of the land become warm (less
dense) and rises .
4) The cooler air over the sea (denser) flows in to take
place of the warm air.
HEAT CONDUCTOR
1) Substance that conduct heat are called heat
conductor.
2) Some substances conduct heat readily (good heat
conductor)
3) All metal such as iron, magnesium, aluminium and zinc
are good conductors
Copperof heat.
Aluminium
Brass
conductor
Zinc
Tin
Iron
Lead
best
Cooking utensils
1)
Thermometer
2)
Electric iron
3)
HEAT INSULATOR
1) Substance that conduct heat poorly are called
insulators
2) Non-metal such as glass, wood, cork, air, water and
wool are insulators.
3) Fluids (liquid, gas) are poor conductors of heat.
Uses of heat insulators.
1)
Handles
of kettle
a) The hot air in the building will flow out through the
ventilation holes at the top. The cold air enters through the
holes (windows/door) on the lower part.
2) Refrigerator
state to another.
Eg: Solid can be change to a liquid by heating. (heat absorb)
A liquid state can be change to a solid by cooling. (heat release)
Liquid
ng
i
t
el
M
n/
io
at
or ing
ap il
o
ti
Ev b
sa
en
n d on
Co
e
Fr
ng
i
ez
Sublimation
Solid
Sublimation
Gas
Change in
state
Absorb/
release
heat
Condensation
Gas-liquid
Release heat
Melting
Solid-liquid
Absorb heat
Freezing
Liquid-solid
Release heat
Evaporation/Boili
ng
Liquid - gas
Absorb heat
Sublimation
Solid-gas
Absorb heat
Sublimation
Gas-solid
Release heat
(Note in textbook)
Melting (pg 112-113)
Freezing (pg 113)
Boiling (pg 114, 1st paragraph)
Condensation (pg 114, 2nd paragraph)
Evaporation (pg 115) The process of changing a
liquid to a gas.
in the
clothes evaporate.
2) Puddles of water - After a rain, there are puddles of
water on the
ground. When the sun come out,
these puddles
evaporate.
3) Ice cubes Ice cube can be prepared by freezing water
under low
temperature.
4) Moth ball Moth ball become smaller because of the
process of
sublimation.
5) Rainwater - Water vapours in clouds condense to form
rainwater.
Bad heat
absorber
Good
giving
out
(emits)
heat
Dark
and
dull
surfac
e
White
and
shiny
surfac
e
Dark
and
dull
surfac
e
Bad
giving
out
(emits)
heat
White
and
shiny
surfac
e