Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Assignment # 3
Bilal Arshad
M. Mohsin
Shahzore Ali
Sadaf Mansoor
Mansoor
Sonam Farooq
15162009
15162013
15161027
15161029
15161030
15162007
2
Article 1
Market orientation in Islamic banks a qualitative approach
Article 2
Customer satisfaction: Cost driver or value driver? Empirical evidence from the
financial services industry
Article 3
Marketing with working consumers: the case of care maker and its beauty.
Question 1
Article # 1
Research Question
What do these Islamic financial institutions do that gives them an edge over the regular
financial institution?
Do they have a different nature of market orientation that gives them a competitive
advantage?
What embodies this market orientation and, what are the determinants and consequences of
it?
(Contd..)
Research Worldview
Interpretivist
Epistemology
Interpretativis
m
inductive
In-depth
Interview
Mono Method
Cross Sectional
The authors aims at exploring the nature of Islamic market orientation along with its antecedents and
consequences and whether the market orientation identified in the study is aligned with the guided
philosophies of Islam. So, the world-view in this article is Epistemology view.(
Saunders, Saunders et al. 2011 )
Approach of this article lies under the context of Interpretativism, as author is investigating the nature of
market orientation that exists in the Islamic financial institution by identifying the antecedents and
consequences of such markets and value-free research.
Nachmias (1996) suggested use of the inductive coding method if the study is exploratory in nature. Thus, the
inductive method was used in this study.
Article # 2
Research Question
Is customer satisfaction a cost driver or a value driver?
(Contd..)
Research Worldview
Positivist
Theory
Hypothesis
Observation
Confirmation/Rejection
Beiske (2007) informs that deductive research approach explores a known theory or phenomenon and tests if
that theory is valid in a given circumstances. The deductive approach follows the path of logic most closely.
The reasoning starts with a theory and leads to a new hypothesis. This hypothesis is put to the test by
confronting it with observations that either lead to a confirmation or a rejection of the hypothesis (Snieder
and Larner, 2009, p.16).
After reviewing the literature and developing our hypotheses,we use a Dutch retail banks unique dataset to
empirically test our hypotheses.
Article 3
Do working consumer compel marketers to engage in social and emotional
labor?
How marketing professional organize consumer work and how they integrate
the work of consumers with their own marketing work?
What contributes from working consumers to integration and organization of
marketing work?
Reality:(Neuman 2005)
Reality as being composed of multiple layers:
The empirical: empirical context of this study is the collaborative marketing
programme created by the italian car maker Alfa Romeo
The Real: consumers are wage labors.
The Actual: it is a process of collaboration
Data Collection
Essentially, collecting data means putting your design for collecting information into
operation.
Performing any mathematical or similar operations needed to get quantitative information ready for
analysis.
Transcribing (making an exact, word-for-word text version of) the contents of audio or video recordings
Coding data (translating data, particularly qualitative data that isnt expressed in numbers, into a form
10
Data Analysis
Whereas analyzing information involves examining it in ways that reveal the relationships,
patterns, trends, etc.
subjecting it to statistical operations that can tell you not only what kinds of relationships
seem to exist among variables.
Draw Conclusions.
Better Understanding of Overall situation.
(Section 5. Collecting and Analyzing Data)
11
Article 1
In order to fill this research gap, this paper advances to a market orientation framework that identifies the
key market-oriented variables along with their antecedents and consequences.
Considering the exploratory nature of this study, it was decided to use qualitative research method that
facilitates collecting information in words.
The purpose of using open-ended questions was to obtain information from few situations that were similar
to the researchers problem situation (Zikmund, 1994).
Researchers of this study considering the fact that all the respondents from both countries were highly
educated and were able to speak good English.
12
(Contd..)
13
(Contd..)
14
(Contd..)
15
Article 2
Data Collected from customer via Internet survey because Each participant was identified on the
basis of his or her customer ID.
We removed 15 participants from the research dataset who had died before the end of the study;
These participants had zero revenues and costs at the end of this study.
We developed a measurement instrument for customersatisfaction that is context-specific and
captures the aspects of customersatisfaction that are of primary importance for the financial
services industry (Terpstra, 2008)(Terpstra & Verbeeten, 2014).
16
(Contd..)
Our time period of three years was exploratory and mainly determined by the available data.
17
Article 3
Data Collection
18
Analysis:
19
20
21
In Article 1 Considering the exploratory nature of this study, it was decided to
use qualitative research method that facilitates collecting information in words
instead of it researcher has to use quantitative research.
In Article 1 interview technique is used instead of scaling which is totally
depending on researcher observation.
Data matrix was prepared by assigning the responses for each respondent under
each question. This matrix helped the researcher to compare answers from one
respondent to another (Martin and Turner, 1986) as the responses were easy to
visualize. It is to mention that the individual respondent from each representing
Islamic bank was considered as the unit of analysis for the current study.
22
The customer satisfaction scale scores range from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 36 (very satisfied) and has
a coefficient alpha (Cronbach, 1951) equal to 0.91, suggesting adequate reliability(Terpstra &
Verbeeten, 2014)
Financial performance data were obtained from the BANK accounting system. Literature suggests
that activity-based costing(ABC) is an appropriate method to allocate overhead costs to customers
as it adequately prices the activities that are necessary to serve them(Cooper & Kaplan, 1991; Niraj
et al., 2008)(Terpstra & Verbeeten, 2014) In article 2 researcher used this because it is some how
related to accounting system whereas other articles don't.
Measurement
Nominal Measurement
Face Validity In order to check questioner look valid to the respondents
In-depth Interview Fully Transcribed then Sorted and Classified according to major headings of the
questionnaire in systematic & iterative manner
Data Matrix Assigning responses for each respondent under each question for comparison
Unit of Analysis Managerial level employees from each Islamic bank
Inductive method for coding, categorizing and identifying the theme from audiotapes & transcripts
Analysis presentation Narrative way using simple frequency, Street language
23
24
25
Article 1
26
(Contd..)
Questionnaire was further given to one of the respondents for his comments before the interviews took place.
Questions were mainly adopted from the work of Kohli and Jaworski (1990) considering their wide acceptance in
the market orientation literature (Hart and Diamantopoulos, 1993; Blankson and Omar, 2002).
A review of methodological literature indicates that a small sample of in-depth interviews is more appropriate
than a large sample (Yin, 1994). 14 respondents were interviewed; nine from Bangladesh and five from UAE.
27
(Contd..)
Validity of the data were assessed in line with Goodwin et al. (1997). Sent findings Summary to one of the
respondents in Bangladesh for his comments and suggestions. While the respondent fully agreed with the
findings summary, his suggestions were incorporated in the final analysis.
Two academics (one from marketing and another from outside the marketing discipline) were given copies of
the draft version of the findings for their comments. Both of them have approved the content of the draft and no
negative comments were received from them.
The narrative presentation of results used in this study is popular in qualitative market orientation research (Kohli
and Jaworski, 1990; Harris and Watkins, 1998; Blankson and Omar, 2002).
28
Article 2
29
(Contd..)
30
Article 3
Consumer work is hot topic in social science debates.(Rieder and Vo 2010)
Consumers prefer to contribute technical skills.(Cova, Pace et al. 2015)
It is a single case study which is a clear limitation.
31
32
33
Article 1
Workable suggestions to improve the methodology
Islamic
marketer orientation)
Collect qualitative data in larger extent including all kinds of financial institutions to find out the
support of the results of this study
Three antecedents and three performance outcomes; targeted with larger sample to explore
whether these also can be considered as antecedents and consequences of Islamic market
orientation as they have poor agreement among the respondents in the this framework study
Article 2
Workable suggestions to improve the methodology
As authors didnt mention why they chose the variables and what is reasoning behind it. There
is a lot of variable available why he chose the particular variables. In our view they should
clearly mention it in the article
In our point of view sample limitations can be mentioned in the article
34
Article 3
Future research needs to study collaborative marketing programme in other
contexts using both qualitative and quantitative designs.(Cova, Pace et al.
2015)
it also demand the particular type of social and emotional work that
collaborative marketing programers compel marketing professionals to engage
in . It requires further elaboration of such critical researches.
35
References
Carson, D., Gilmore, A., Gronhaug, K., & Perry, C. (2001). Qualitative research in marketing: London: Sage.
Chong, I.-G., & Jun, C.-H. (2005). Performance of some variable selection methods when multicollinearity is
present. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 78(1), 103-112.
Genuer, R., Poggi, J.-M., & Tuleau-Malot, C. (2010). Variable selection using random forests. Pattern
Recognition Letters, 31(14), 2225-2236.
George, E. I., & McCulloch, R. E. (1993). Variable selection via Gibbs sampling. Journal of the American
Statistical Association, 88(423), 881-889.
Greenland, S. (1989). Modeling and variable selection in epidemiologic analysis. American journal of public
health, 79(3), 340-349.
Meuter, M. L., Ostrom, A. L., Roundtree, R. I., & Bitner, M. J. (2000). Self-service technologies:
understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of marketing, 64(3),
50-64.
REDDY, D. G. S. (2011). TESTING THE CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM)A STUDY OF INDIAN STOCK
MARKET. IINNTTEERRNNAATTIIOONNAALL JJOOUURRNNAALL OOFF RREESSEEAARRCCHH IINN
CCOOMMMMEERRCCEE, EECCOONNOOMMIICCSS AANNDD MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT.
Terpstra, M., & Verbeeten, F. H. (2014). Customer satisfaction: Cost driver or value driver? Empirical
evidence from the financial services industry. European Management Journal, 32(3), 499-508.
Wang, S., & Zhu, J. (2008). Variable Selection for Model-Based High-Dimensional Clustering and Its
Application to Microarray Data. Biometrics, 64(2), 440-448.
36
37
Neuman, W. L. (2005). Social research methods: Quantitative and qualitative
approaches, Allyn and Bacon Boston.
Cova, B., et al. (2015). "Marketing with working consumers: The case of a
carmaker and its brand community." Organization 22(5): 682-701.
Rieder, K. and G. G. Vo (2010). "The working customerAn emerging new type
of consumer." Psychology of Everyday Activity 3(2): 2-10.
38