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TUTORIAL 9

EDU 3073
PISMP BI (SK) 2 JAN 2013

TUTORIAL 9
A counsellor needs to master effective
intervention skills to assist the client in various
situations. Discuss how the counsellor can use
these skills to help clients to:

Conceptualize the Problem


Enlarge their Response Repertoires
Identify Discriminative Stimuli
Select a Response

1)
CONCEPTUALIZ
E THE
PROBLEM

Interventio
ns for
reducing
affective
arousal

How to
help client
conceptual
ise the
problem?

Interventio
ns for
defining
the
problem
Interventio
ns for
inculcating
the
decisionmaking
paradigm

By simple act of listening


Listening permits an extinction process to occur
(counsellor listens and response nonjudgmentally
client feels better after the confession)
Help the client to identify the problem by using
paraphrasing (Can you tell me a little bit more
about.)
Paraphrasing has the immediate effect of
reinforcing the clients continued talking about a
given problem area.
Counsellor reinforce an attitude of personal
responsibility in clients
Counsellor should avoid giving too much suggestion
client avoid making decision over dependent
Cognitive modelling help client to develop an
adaptive perspectives on the decision making.
(thinks out loud)

2) ENLARGE
THEIR
RESPONSE
REPERTOIRES

Thought
stopping or
thought
substitution

Emotional
role-playing

Techniqu
es for
thwartin
g
impulsiv
e
respondi
ng

Outcome
Psychodra
ma

Covert
sensitizatio
n

Purpose: Prevent rash


behaviour
Other alternative: Cognitive restructuring + other
skills-building intervention (eg: behavioral
rehearsal/ covert modelling

Aim: not to prevent response from


being made but to prevent it from
made impulsively

Interventions for generating


additional alternatives
Some decision problems faced by clients lead to both party of having
no clues on how to solve the problem
One way to overcome this problem
Counsellor calls for a group counselling to help generate ideas for
an alternative solution for that clients problem

Interventions for generating


additional alternatives
But hard to group together for a meeting
Use verbal cuing & reinforcements
Good interventions to overcome this problem outside counselling
sessions
E.g.
Unemployed client are praised
He/she tried to plan to ask a personal friend for additional options
to find a job
he/she tried to plan to ask another friend about other options
and then he/she differentiates between both options suggested

Interventions for generating


additional alternatives
Basically
The clients are praised whenever he/she tries to find an
alternative ways outside counselling sessions and then chooses
the best options out of the list of alternatives for practice.

3) IDENTIFY
DISCRIMINATIV
E STIMULI

1. Begins asking the client what are the


pros and cons and the likelihood of
occurence for each alternatives.
2. Brainstorming can focus on the
identification of potential
consequences.
3. Counselors own experience will often
suggest positive or aversive
consequence.

5. Counselor may find modelling an effective


way of exposing potential consequences
and probabilities client does not know.
6. Supplement the clients limited perspective
with as much info as possible on the likely
outcomes of each course of action.
7. Outcome psychodrama-cuing the client to
think about and vividly imagine what might
happen following.
8. Give all credible alternatives a fair and
thorough hearing.

Stimulation
Allows the client to try out a given alternative without risk or
commitment.
For example, a childless couple ambivalent about the prospect of
having children might acquire invaluable discriminative stimuli from
weekend babysitting experiences or the temporary placement of a
foster child in their home.

Modelling
Exposing potential consequences and probabilities the client does not
already know.
Example: audio-video modelling procedures.
Use oneself as live models illustrating how more info might be
obtained.

Brainstorming
Focus on the identification of potential consequences.

4) SELECT A
RESPONSE

Interventions for Changing


Maladaptive Utilities and
Probability Estimates
Involve in
Maladapti
ve Utilities
and
Probability

Not providing
appropriate /
proper
decisions &
interpretati
on of own
action

Maladaptive
Utilities = The
inappropriate
action

drugs to please
friends (peer
pressure)

Examples

Change study
major will be
disowned by
parents

Maladaptive
Probability = The
inappropriate
consequences due to

Interventions for Inculcating a


Response-Selection Paradigm

Interventions for Response


Implementation

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