Architectural

Conservation

Bibi-Ka-Maqbara

Contents
1. About topic
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

About conservation
About heritage
Need of the topic
Aim
Objective
Goals
Justification
Evolutional development
of Aurangabad

11.Planning
12. Garden significance
13. Comparison of Taj Mahal
& Bibi-ka-maqbara
14.Materials
15.Issues
16.Treatments
17.Classification
18.Bibliography

About Bibi-ka-Maqbara

Location: Maharashtra , Aurangabad

Approach: 5km from Aurangabad bus stand
Construction Timeline:1651-1661
Style Of Architecture: Mughal Architecture ( Tomb
Architecture & Mughal Garden (Charbagh) )
Constructed By: Azam Shah
Ownership : Archeological survey of India
Total construction cost was about 6,68,203-7 annas

Presented By
Yamini Jain

About Conservation
The Process Through Which The Material, Historical &
Design Integrity Of Humanity's Built Heritage Are
Prolonged Through Carefully Planned Interventions are
known as architectural conservation.
Conservation process:1.Assesment
2.Treatment
Assessment is sensitive study of history and merits
Treatment deals with cleaning and repair of both exteriors
and interiors

Heritage & Cultural

Heritage
The property or the structure that is or may be
inherited is known as Heritage
Heritage may refer to-natural Heritage , Cultural
Heritage , Industrial Heritage , Virtual Heritage Etc.
Cultural Heritage : The legacy of physical artifacts
& intangible attributes of a group or society that are
preserved and conserved for future generations
Cultural Heritage include tangible cultures ,
intangible cultures & natural culture.

Need of Topic
Indian cultures replicate cultural diversities among
which the one is Mughal culture
Mughal architecture includes a amalgam of
Islamic , Persian & Indian architecture
Bibi-ka-Maqbara is one of the Mughal monument
As Bibi-ka-Maqbara replicate cultural heritage of
Mughal architecture .It is our duty to conserve it and
document it for future generation

Aim

Almost every Mughal emperor has left behind landmarks

in the history of architecture.
The Bibi-ka-Maqbara is one of the shining example of the
same tradition which is unique in the history of world
architecture.
It is an important and most impressive monument in
understanding the architectural developments under the
late Mughals showing unique continuity, one of its kinds
in the world.
Hence it is necessary to conserve this monument for future
generation

Objectives
The objective of conservation is to maintain the
significance of the structure or site.
Significance is constituted in both tangible &
intangible form.
Conservation of structure & site must retain
meaning for the society in which it exist

Goals

Retain visual identity

Adaptive reuse
Restoration
Replication
Local material & traditional technology
Integrated conservation
sustainability

Justifcation
The purpose to choose this topic is to study both
tomb architecture & mughal gardens
To study & compare the differences between Taj
Mahal & Bibi-ka-maqbara
One of the place attracted by the tourist
It is necessary to keep a record & document it for
students and future generation as it replicates
ancient cultures & it is one among the national
importance monument

Evolutional
development of
Aurangabad
Evolution:
Ambar Malik-Named As Kharki
Fateh Khan -Named As Fatehnagar
Aurangzeb -Named As Aurangabad

History Of Monument
It is beautiful mausoleum of Dilraz Bano begum
wife of Aurangzeb.
Constructed by his son between 1651 & 16611ad.
Main entrance & door was designed & erected by
Ar.Ata Ullah & Hanspat Rai.
The mausoleum drawn an inspiration from the
world famous Taj Mahal of Agra hence it is known
as Taj Of Deccan.

Ecological Data

Topography: Architectural Plain Land

Geology : Deccan plateau
Soil: black cotton soil , Deccan basalt stone
Vegetation: shady tree
Hydrology: well drainage

Planning Features
Mughal Architectural Features:
1. Minarets
2. Domes
3. Mausoleum
4. Mughal gardens(char bagh)
5. Water channels
6. Water screens(chaadar)
7. Avenues of trees

Entrance

Masjid

Meeting Hall

Museum

All About Monument

Entrance
Southern side is occupied by main entrance,enclosed by
folding door.
Entrance is in the hexagonal form ornamented with
minarets
The high enclosure wall with bastions at regular intervals
are provided to cut down the monotony

Minarets
Each minaret has gallery about midway
While another gallery forms the hexagonal base crowned
with dome
There are staircase passes up the minaret

Mosque:
Mosque is found to the west of the structure
Mosque was later addition to the structure by Nizams of
Hyderabad
The interior contains a row of pillars with corresponding
pilasters

Water channels:
Charbagh was divided with paved pathways & water
channels
Traditional four irrigation canals at the center had been
employed
Water enters the garden by a chaddar
Tanks , Fountains ,Wells is the key element of garden
Water are lifted up by pumps
Perennial water sources are there

Mausoleum
The mausoleum is built on a high square platform of
polished red porphyritic trap
The flight of steps descends from the platform towards the
tomb
Tomb is situated on ground floor
Entrance of mausoleum is from first floor
Marble domes rises above with four minarets

Interior:
This entrance leads into a gallery running round the
interior, which looks down upon the tomb.
Windows were carved with marble trellis and floral
patterns
A soft and solemn light streams through the apertures of
marble tracery
The floor inside is paved with white marble

Door

Minarets

dome

water channel

charbagh

ceiling

Garden Significance
Aesthetic significance The design of tomb and garden were
treated as one; the setting enhanced the beauty of the
monument.
Economic significance Tomb garden contains charbagh
pattern, was the Mughal's major unique garden architecture in
this region. Because of this garden majorly contributing the
main role in economic activity of this place.
Educational significance This garden having its own planning
principal to an understand of both natural & cultural history of
this place, it having potential of many unique garden
information.
Technological significance The water management-hydraulic
system- providing to the richness charbagh, represent the highly
technology on its period.

Comparison
Taj Mahal

Bibi-ka-maqbara

1.Taj mahal has 3

entrances

1.bibi-ka-maqbara has 1
entrance

2.Musoleum is at the end

2.Musoleum is at the center

3.Char bagh is infront of

the Musoleum

3.Mousoleum is surrounded
from all side by char bagh

4.Proportions and ratios

are based on golden ratios

4.Proportions and ratios are

not based on golden ratios.
therfore known as bad
replica of Taj Mahal

Bibi-ka-maqbara
Taj Mahal

 Mausoleum Was In Marbles

Mausoleum rest on platform is of Red
Porphyritic Trap
The pavements are ornamented with
geometrical patterns
Magnificent marble dome rises above
Four little chattris with corresponding
minarets are in marble
Floriated Decorations Over A Scalloped
Arch And Over The Pillars
Doors which are covered with a
running foliage pattern in brass from
the exterior
Doors are carved in brass

Materials

Conservational Issues
Plaster of main entrance wall & other walls of
mausoleum started deteriorating.

 Walls are damaged near chaddar,which is used as

water inlet.

 Jali walls get damaged

 Cracks are observed at every part of the structure.

 Fountains Got Damaged

 Plinths & steps also get damage

Colour of the structure started fading.

Treatments In Structure
Buttresses was later constructed
for support of structure.
One minaret is restored totally.
Chemical treatments are used to
stop the structure from getting
damage
It includes:21 materials such as
jute, jaggery , mica ,sugar
,lime ,etc.

Classification
Declared as national importance monument dated on 28th
november 1951
Classified as A,B,C
Category A:
World Heritage Sites and those monuments which have
been included in the Tentative list of World Heritage sites
Category B
Ticketed Monument
Category C
Monument located in densely populated urban areas and
most sensitive from construction activity point of view

Bibliography

Google
On site photographs
Information given by Archeologist P.G.Deshmukh
Notes guided by mentor