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Concentracin
la disolucin
de
kg solucin retenida
kg slido inerte
0.0
0.4737
0.1
0.5000
0.2
0.5294
0.3
0.5625
0.4
0.6000
0.5
0.6429
0.6
0.6923
0.7
0.7500
0.8
0.8182
0.9
0.9000
1.0
1.0000
yS
0.0
0.4737
0.1
0.5000
0.2
0.5294
0.3
0.5625
0.4
0.6000
0.5
0.6429
0.6
0.6923
0.7
0.7500
0.8
0.8182
0.9
0.9000
1.0
1.0000
K
xS = yS . -----K + 1
K
xD = ( 1 - yS ) . -----K + 1
yS
xS
xD
0.0
0.4737
0.0000
0.3214
0.1
0.5000
0.0333
0.3000
0.2
0.5294
0.0692
0.2769
0.3
0.5625
0.1080
0.2520
0.4
0.6000
0.1500
0.2250
0.5
0.6429
0.1957
0.1957
0.6
0.6923
0.2455
0.1636
0.7
0.7500
0.3000
0.1286
0.8
0.8182
0.3600
0.0900
0.9
0.9000
0.4263
0.0474
1.0
1.0000
0.5000
0.0000
F
xS0
xD0
E1
yS
yD
1
Alimentacin :
Harina
R1
xS
xD
D
ySo
yDo
Disolvente: Benceno puro
yDo = 1.0
ySo = 0
D = 60 kg/h
F = 100 kg/h
30 % peso aceite
4 % peso benceno
xS0 = 0.30
xD0 = 0.04
xI0 = 0.66
yDo
xDo
I
ySo
F
xSo
xMS
F . xSo + D . ySo
= ----------------
xMS
F + D
100 ( 0.30 ) + 60 ( 0 )
= ---------------------
xMS =0.1875
100 + 60
F . xDo + D . yDo
xMD= ---------------F + D
100 ( 0.04 ) + 60 ( 1 )
xMD= --------------------100 + 60
xMD = 0.400
D
Del diagrama tomar
lectura
de
las
composiciones:
E1
yD
R
1
xS , xD
yS , yD
xMD
xD
R1
E1
xS xMS
F
yS
yS = 0.319149
E1
yD = 0.680851
xMS xS
E1 = M . ------y S xS
E1 =
xD = 0.246994
xMD xD
E1 = M . -------yD xD
kg/h
yS - xMS
R1 = M . -------yS x S
R1 =
R1
xS = 0.115778
kg/h
yD - xMD
R1 = M . -------yD xD
F . xSo - R1 . xS
% soluto extrado = --------------- x 100
F . xSo
% soluto extrado =
E1
yS
yD
Alimentacin : Harina
F = 100 kg/h
xS0 = 0.30
xD0 = 0.04
xI0 = 0.66
F
xS0
xD 0
R1
xS
xD
D
ySo
yDo
yS = 0.60
yD = 0.40
E1
yD
xMD
xDo
I
M
F
xMS xSo y
S
xMS =
xMD =
xSo - xMS
D = F . -------xMS - ySo
xDo xMD
D = F . -------xMD - yDo
E1
xD
xD
xDo
I
M
R
1
xS
F
S
xMS xS
E1 = M . ------yS x S
E1 =
kg/h
yS - xMS
R1 = M . -------y S xS
R1 =
xMD xD
E1 = M . -------yD xD
kg/h
yD - xMD
R1 = M . -------yD xD
F . xSo - R1 . xS
% soluto extrado = ---------------- x 100
F . xSo
% soluto extrado =
Ejemplo 2
En la lixiviacin en una sola etapa del aceite
extrado de escamas de soya con hexano, 100 kg
de soya que contienen 20 % de aceite, se tratan
con 100 kg de hexano.
De datos experimentales se ha encontrado que la
relacin (Solucin retenida / Inerte) es de 2/3 y
que se puede considerar constante e independiente
de la concentracin de la disolucin.
Calcular la cantidad y composicin del extracto y
del refinado, as como el porcentaje de aceite
extrado.
Constante
yS
xS
xD
2/3
0.0000
0.4000
0.10
2/3
0.0400
0.3600
0.20
2/3
0.0800
0.3200
0.30
2/3
0.1200
0.2800
0.40
2/3
0.1600
0.2400
0.50
2/3
0.2000
0.2000
0.60
2/3
0.2400
0.1600
0.70
2/3
0.2800
0.1200
0.80
2/3
0.3200
0.0800
0.90
2/3
0.3600
0.0400
1.00
2/3
0.4000
0.0000
xS = 0.40 yS
xD = 0.40 ( 1- yS)
F
xS0
xD0
E1
yS
yD
1
Alimentacin :
Soya en escamas
R1
xS
xD
D
ySo
yDo
Disolvente: Hexano puro
D = 100 kg
yDo = 1.0
ySo = 0
F = 100 kg
20 % peso aceite
xS0 = 0.20
xI0 = 0.80
xD 0 = 0
xMS
F . xSo + D . ySo
= ----------------
xMS
F + D
100 ( 0.20 ) + 100 ( 0 )
= ---------------------
xMS = 0.10
100 + 100
F . xDo + D . yDo
xMD= ---------------F + D
100 ( 0 ) + 100 ( 1 )
xMD= ------------------100 + 100
xMD = 0.50
E1
xMD
xS , xD
yS , yD
M
R
1
xDo
F
xMS
xSo
xMS xS
E1 = M . ------yS x S
E1 = 66.667 kg
yS - xMS
R1 = M . -------y S xS
R1 = 133.333 kg
xMD xD
E1 = M . -------yD x D
E1 = 66.667 kg
yD - xMD
R1 = M . -------y D xD
R1 = 133.333 kg
F . xSo - R1 . xS
% soluto extrado = ---------------- x 100
F . xSo
% soluto extrado = 55.56 %
Ejemplo 3
Una harina que contiene aceite ha de extraerse
con un disolvente, constituido mayormente por
benceno, operando en un sistema de extraccin en
flujo cruzado en dos etapas.
Al sistema de extraccin se hace ingresar 100
kg/h de alimentacin, que contiene 40 % peso de
aceite, y un disolvente que contiene 98 % peso de
benceno y 2 % peso de aceite, utilizndose 40
kg/h y 20 kg/h respectivamente en cada etapa de
extraccin.
Calcular la cantidad
extracto compuesto.
composicin
b.
del
F
xSo
E1
yS1
yD1
1
xDo
D1
ySo
yDo
R1
xS1
xD1
E2
yS2
yD2
2
D2
ySo
yDo
R2
xS2
xD2
E1
yS1
yD1
Primera etapa:
F + D1 = M 1
Alimentacin
F
xS0
xD 0
R1
xS1
xD1
D
ySo
yDo
F = 100 kg/h
Disolvente
xS0 = 0.40
D1 = 40 kg/h
xI0 = 0.60
xD 0 = 0
yDo = 0.98
ySo = 0.02
yDo
xDo
I y
So
F
xSo
xMS1
xMS
F . xSo + D1 . ySo
= ---------------F + D1
100 ( 0.40 ) + 40 ( 0.20 )
= -----------------------
xMS1 =0.29143
100 + 40
F . xDo + D1 . yDo
xMD1 = ---------------F + D1
100 ( 0 ) + 40 ( 0.98 )
xMD= --------------------100 + 40
xMD1 = 0.28000
yDo
E1
xMD1
M
1
R
1
xDo
I y
So
F
xMS1
xSo
R1
E1
xS1 = 0.19367
xD1 = 0.18608
yS1 = 0.5100
yD1 = 0.4900
xMS1 xS1
E1 = M1 . --------yS1 xS1
E1 =
kg/h
yS1 xMS1
R1 = M1 . -------yS1 xS1
R1 =
kg/h
E2
yS2
yD2
Segunda etapa:
R1 + D2 = M2
R1
xS1
xD1
Alimentacin :
R1 = 96.73469 kg/h
xS1 = 0.19367
xD1 = 0.18608
R2
xS2
xD2
D2
ySo
yDo
Disolvente
D2 = 20 kg/h
yDo = 0.98
ySo = 0.02
yDo
R
1
I y
So
xMS2
R1 . xS1 + D2 . ySo
= ---------------R1 + D2
xMS2 =0.16392
R1 . xD1 + D2 . yDo
xMD2 = ---------------R1 + D2
xMD2 = 0.32210
D
E2
xMD2
M
2
R
2
R
1
xDo
xMS2
xSo
R2
E2
xS2 = 0.10510
xD2 = 0.20652
yS2 = 0.33727
yD2 = 0.66273
R2 = 87.160 kg/h
F . xSo - R2 . x2
% soluto extrado = --------------- x 100
F . xSo
% soluto extrado =