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INDIA
Presented by :
Neelam kumari
Roll no. : 12
Class : X - A
SATYAGRAHA
Satyagraha comprised of two Sanskrit words
Satya and agrah. Satya means truth and
agraha means path.thus satyagraha means
following the path of truth and non-violence to
attain freedom and fight against injustice. It is
the philosphy of non-violent resistance adopted
by Gandhiji to end the British Raj in India. The
idea of Satyagraha emphasised the power of
truth and need to search for truth. Satyagraha
advocated that for true cause and struggle
against injustice, physical force is not required
to fight with oppressor. Without being
aggressive, a satyagrahi could win battle
through non-violence.
JALLIANWALLA BAGH
MASSACARE
On 13 April this massacre took place. on
that day a large crowd gathered in
Jallianwalabagh.
Some came to protest against the
government and others came to
celebrate Baishaki.
Dyer entered the area blocked the exits
and opened fire, killing hundreds.
His statement was that TO PRODUCE A
MORAL EFFECT
GENERAL
DYER
KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
After the first world war the Ottoman empire was
defeated by the Britain.
A very harsh peace treaty was imposed on the
ottoman empire head the spiritual head khalifa.
The British humiliated the khalifa and the feelings
of the Indian Muslims.
To defend the temporal powers of khalifa,a
khilafat committee was formed in Bombay in
March 1919.
Two young Muslim brothers ,Muhammed Ali and
Shaukat Ali discussed with Gandhi to make it a
mass movement
Gandhi used this opportunity to bring the
THE KHALIFAS
NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
Titles awarded by the government were
surrendered.
A boycott of civil services and foreign goods were
done.
All responded to the call of Swaraj.
Thousands of students left governmentcontrolled schools and colleges.
Headmasters and teachers resigned.
Lawyers gave up their legal practices.
The council elections were boycotted in most
provinces except Madras.
Liquor shops were picketed.
Foreign cloths burnt in huge bonfires.
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT
The Civil Disobedience Movement was started in 1930.
It carried forward the unfinished work of the NonCooperation Movement. Practically the whole country
became involved in it.
Hartals put life at a standstill. There were large-scale
boycotts of schools, colleges and offices. Foreign goods
were burnt in bonfires. People stopped paying taxes.
In the North-West Frontier Province, the movement was led
by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, popularly known as Frontier
Gandhi. For a few days, British control over Peshawar and
Sholapur ended.
People faced the batons and bullets of the police with
supreme courage. No one retaliated or said anything to the
police.
As reports and photographs of this extraordinary protest
began to appear in newspapers across the world, there was
a growing tide of support for Indias freedom struggle.
GO BACK SIMON
A Statutory Commission under Sir John
Simon was set up in India in 1982, the
Simon Commission. In response to the
national movement in the country.
The Commission was to look into the
functioning of the constitutional
system in India and suggest changes.
But the commission had only British
members, no Indian members.
So when the Simon Commission
arrived in India in 1928, it was greeted
with the slogan Go Back Simon
DANDI MARCH
Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful
symbol that could unite the nation. Salt was
something consumed by the rich and the poor
alike, and it was one of the most essential
items of food. The tax on salt and the
government monopoly over its production
revealed the most oppressive face of British
rule.
On 11th March Gandhi ji along with78 members
walked 240 miles in 24 days and reached
Dandi on 6th April. There he ceremonially
violated the salt law by manufacturing salt law
from the sea water.
SENSE OF COLLECTIVE
BELONGING
Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe
that they are all part of the same nation, when
they discover some unity that binds them
together.
The sense of collective belonging came partly
through the experience of united struggles.
In 1870 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay wrote
Vande Maatram
In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began
collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths, and
led the movement for folk revival.
In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive fourvolume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore
of Southern India.
BHARAT MATA
The image of Bharat Mata
was first created by Bankim
Chandra Chattopadhyay.
Moved by Swadeshi
movement, Abindranath
Tagore painted his famous
image of Bharat Mata.
CONCLUSION
A growing anger against the colonial
government was thus bringing together
various groups and classes of Indians into a
common struggle for freedom in the first
half of the twentieth century. Through such
movements the nationalists tried to forge a
national unity. But the diverse groups and
classes participated in these movements
with varied aspirations and expectations.
As their grievances were wide-ranging,
freedom from colonial rule also meant
different things to different people.