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4 phenomena of waves
1. Reflection of waves
2. Refraction of waves
3. Diffraction of waves
4.Interference of waves
Ripple Tank
Wavefront
QUESTIONS
What is the use of the ripple
tank?
To create water waves so that
waves phenomena can be
investigate
Why
do we need to use the sponge?
To prevent reflection from occurring
How are the images
produced?
Name the instrument that can be
used to freeze the image of the wave
4
Pattern
Reflection of waves
is a phenomenon where all or part of the waves
are returned when they encounter a reflector
equal
2. frequency, f
equal
3. speed, v
equal
4. amplitude, a
equal
5.Direction of
propagation
of wave
change
7
Reflected
waves
Incident
waves
Plane
reflector
9
Plane
reflector
Normal
10
Direction of
propagation of
incident waves
Incident
waves
reflector
i
r
Direction of
propagation of
reflected
waves
Reflected
waves
Angle of incident =
Angle of reflected
11
12
13
14
Sound waves,
Denser
less dense
Light waves
(Cold air)
(hot air)
Water waves
Shallow area
Depth area
1. wavelength
shorter
longer
2.frequency, f
equal
equal
3.speed, v
lower
higher
4.amplitude, a
lower
higher
towards
normal
away
normal
5.Direction of
propagation of
wave
15
Refraction of Waves
Deep
area
Shallow
area
Deep
area
16
Refraction of Waves
Deep area
Shallow area
Deep area
17
18
19
Warm day
Cold air
Denser
Hot air
Less dense
Earth surface
20
hot air
Less dense
Cold air
Denser
Earth surface
21
Deep
area
headland
Shallow
area
headland
headland
Bay beach
22
23
24
25
equal
frequency
equal
speed
equal
amplitude
Change (decrease)
Direction of
propagation
of wave
change
26
28
29
Dark fringes
Bright fringes
31
32
Interference of waves
Principle of superposition
Interference of waves
Draw interference patterns
Solve problem involving = ax/D
33
34
Principle of superposition
States that when two waves are overlap,
the resultant displacement is equal to the
sum of the displacements of the individual
wave
35
Superposition of 2 crests
P
Q
a
a
+
36
Superposition of 2 troughs
c
P
37
Q
a
+
38
Interference of waves
Is the superposition of 2 waves
originating from 2 coherent sources
Constructive interference
Occurs when the vertical
displacements of 2 waves
Destructive interference
Occurs when the crest of wave
39
40
Interference pattern
Antinodes line
41
Interference pattern
Nodes line
42
nodes line
x
S1
x
S2
Antinodes
line
nodes line
43
a=
x=
D=
44
45
ax
46
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