Introduction to FTP

File Transfer Protocol

Author : R. Ajay Kumar

Date

: 25.04.2005

Name:
Designation:
Date: February, 2004
Copyright Wipro Technologies 2005

Agenda
Introduction to FTP
Different types of FTP Clients
WINSCP
WS_FTP
Difference Between WINSCP and WS_FTP
How to use WINSCP
How To Use WS_FTP

Introduction To FTP
FTP is an acronym for File Transfer Protocol. It
represents a widely-used, although non-secure,
method for transferring files between two
computers. One of the computers must be set up as a
host or server. The other, known as the client, is the
computer that you are using.
There are two basic types of operations.
Uploading
Downloading

Downloading Of Files
When you retrieve a file from the server, you are
performing a get operation. This is also known as
downloading.

Uploading Of Files
When you post a file to the server, your are
performing a "put" operation. This is also known as
"uploading."

Different Types of FTP Client

WINSCP
WS_FTP
JFTP
CUTEFTP
SMARTFTP
FILEZILLA

WinSCP
WinSCP is an open source freeware SFTP (Secure
File Transfer Protocol) client for Windows Using
SSH.
SSH is a cryptographically protected remote login
protocol designed to replace the insecure telnet and
rlogin protocols
Its main function is safe copying of files between a
local and a remote computer.
WinSCP supports two secure transfer protocols,
SFTP and SCP.

WS_FTP
WS_FTP is a Windows-based Internet tool for
transferring files between your personal computer
and a remote computer.
The remote computer may be a mainframe, server,
or desktop computer. It may be running a very
different operating system, and is often a great
distance away.
As an example, one may wish to download a file
from a local campus UNIX server to a desktop PC.

Difference Between WinSCP and WS_FTP

The difference is that WINSCP is secure. The
WS_FTP uses clear text passwords than can be
sniffed/intercept by malicious individuals. These
passwords can then be used to compromise your
account. WINSCP, on the other hand, encrypts all
data transfers so passwords cannot be intercepted.

WINSCP

WINSCP

How to use WINSCP-Step 1

Connecting to Another Computer
WINSCP automatically displays the Session Properties dialog
box when you launch the program. Use this dialog box to
connect to the remote computer from which you want to
transfer files.
Enter the IP of the remote system, User name and password.

How to use WINSCP-Step 2

The next window you see will display two file systems. The
panel on the left lists the files on your local hard disk (usually
the C: or D: drive), and the panel on the right shows the
names of files stored on the server. On both sides you
can use the folder navigation buttons (circled in red below) to
locate the source and destination directory for the file
transfer.

WinSCP Main Screen Window

File Transfer
Start from the side of the screen containing the file you want
to transfer (note that the title bar for the active side is blue,
while the inactive title bar is gray). Simply click on a file to
select it it for transfer.
To execute the transfer click the Copy icon (also circled in red)
or hit F5. Important: if you use F6 Move instead, the file will
be deleted from its original location.

Copying the files

To execute the transfer click the Copy icon (also circled in red)
or hit F5.
After you initiate the Copy function, a dialog box will appear
asking you confirm the target directory for the transfer
operation. If the directory is not correct, click Cancel and use
your mouse to browse to the correct directory from the
previous screen. Once the target directory is correct, click
Copy to continue.

WinSCP-File copy

Moving a File
If you use F6 Move, the file will be deleted from its original
location.
Also, make sure you move the file in the right direction or
you'll end up destroying the more recent version.

Deleting a File
If you use F8 Move, the file will be deleted from the specified
location.
Confirmation message is displayed before deleting a file, On
clicking ok the file will be deleted or on clicking on the cancel
the deletion process is terminated.

WinSCP-Delete File

Disconnecting
Session menu, or click the Disconnect icon from the lower
right-hand corner of the window, or press the F10 key and
confirm that you would like to disconnect.

WS_FTP

WS_FTP

How to Use WS_FTP

Connecting to Another Computer
WS_FTP automatically displays the Session Properties dialog
box when you launch the program. Use this dialog box to
connect to the remote computer from which you want to
transfer files.
For the Host Name enter the IP address of the system you
want to connect. For User ID and Password, enter the ID and
password for the computer you are connecting to.

Transferring files
Transferring files using WS_FTP
WS_FTP has four windows. The windows on the right display
the directories and files on the remote computer, and the
windows on the left show the directories and files on your
local computer. The top window on each side lists the current
directory .
and the bottom windows list the files and folders in the
selected directory.
3 steps in transferring a file
Navigating directories
Downloading files
Uploading files

WS_FTP Login Screen

Navigating/Downloading Operation

Navigating directories
The easiest way to change directories is to double-click the
desired directory in the WS_FTP window. This moves you into
that directory and displays the files in it. To move up in the
directory structure, double-click the two dots that appear in
the directory list. The ". ." notation indicates the parent
directory.

Downloading files
Use the right side of the WS_FTP window to navigate the
directories on the remote computer until you find the file you
want to download. Select the file on the remote computer and
click the left pointing arrow. Move the file to the destination
directory on the local system.

Uploading Operation
Uploading files
Use the left side of the WS_FTP window to navigate the
directories on your local computer until you find the file you
want to upload. Select the file on your local system and click
the right pointing arrow. Move to the destination directory on
the remote system (the directory you want to upload the file
to) using the right side of the WS_FTP window.

WS_FTP Main Screen

File Transfer Modes

There are two ways of transferring files via FTP: ASCII and
Binary.
Some FTP clients have an "auto" mode, but very few of them
have settings for all file types by default.
Binary Transfer Mode
In Binary mode a file is copied bit for bit from one machine to
the other. Both files (the original and the transferred file) will
contain exactly the same sequence of bytes.
ASCII Transfer Mode
In ASCII mode a file may be changed slightly to maintain the
meaning of EOL (End Of Line) characters.

a
In order to preserve the meaning of these ends of lines when
transfering files, the end of line characters have to be
changed. When going from UNIX to DOS, LF's (linefeed) have
to be replaced with CR/LF (carriage return) pairs. Similarly,
when going from DOS to UNIX, CR/LF pairs have to be
changed to a single LF. That is the difference between them.
ASCII (text) files: Files named .cgi, .txt, .shtml, .html and .htm
Binary files: .bin, .doc, .exe, .gif, .gz, .jpg, .jpeg, .mpg, .mpeg, .pdf, .tar, .tiff,
.tif, .wav and .zip

Disconnecting Operation
Disconnecting
Click the Close button.
Click the Exit button to quit WS_FTP or the Connect button to
connect to another computer

Tips to Use WINSCP and WS_FTP

You can move multiple files in a single operation. Hold the

<Ctrl> key down as you click files to be moved with the mouse
You can delete files, rename files, move files between
directories (folders), and create new directories. Most of
these operations use mouse and keyboard techniques that you
may already be familiar with from using Windows.

WS-FTP & WINSCP tool-License/Cost Details

WINSCP -WinSCP is free, open-source software, and is
distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
WinSCP can be downloaded from the Following Links
http://winscp.net/eng/download.php

WS_FTP It is a licensed Software. WS_FTP Limited Edition

is free to certain academic, U.S. government and non-business
home users as defined below in the WS_FTP Limited Edition
End User License Agreement. All other users must purchase a
license to WS_FTP Pro, the advanced commercial version

WS-FTP tool-License/Cost Details

your use of the Software is exclusively at home for nonbusiness purposes. Government contractors are not
considered government employees for the purposes of this
Agreement.
If you do not meet the requirements for free use of the
Software, you evaluate or purchase a license to WS_FTP Pro,
a commercial version of this product. If you are using the
Software free of charge under the terms of this Agreement,
you are not entitled to hard-copy documentation, support or
telephone assistance
If users want to use the highly regarded Ipswitch line of
products, the price for WS_FTP Home at the time of this
writing is approximately US$35 from the Ipswitch web site.

Website where WS_FTP,WinSCP can be downloaded:

FTPplanet.com
http://www.ftpplanet.com
CoreFTP web site
http://www.coreftp.com
Ipswitch web site
http://www.ipswitch.com
CuteFTP web site
http://www.cuteftp.com/cuteftp
WinSCP web site
http://winscp.net/eng/download.php

Default port 21 settings

Default Port 21 Setting:
FTP Publishing Service provides FTP connectivity. By default,
the FTP control port is 21.
The default data (that is used for active mode FTP) port is
automatically set to one port less than the control port.
Therefore, if you configure the control port to port 4131, the
default data port is port 4130.
Most FTP clients use passive mode FTP. This means that the
client initially connects to the FTP server by using the control
port, the FTP server assigns a high TCP port between ports
1025 and 5000, and then the client opens a second connection
to the FTP server for transferring data. You can configure the
range of high ports by using the IIS metabase.

Default port 21 settings

System service name: MSFTPSVC
Application protocol
FTP controlTCP
FTP default dataTCP

ProtocolPorts
21
20

Randomly allocated high TCP portsTCPrandom port number

between 1024 - 65534

Network connection time out settings

File Transfer Protocol. A protocol for transferring text and
binary files over the internet. You can use this service to
monitor your FTP Server that is running on the default port 21
(if you need to monitor an FTP server that is running on a
different port, you can use the TCP Port service).
Our monitoring station will attempt to connect to port 21 of
the host (either IP or domain name) and wait for a response
that starts with sub-string "220". The connection will timeout
after 30 seconds. If response "220" is not received, the service
will be considered to have "failed".

Network time out settings in WS_FTP

Advance Tab of WS_FTP

Site Properties, Advanced Tab
Connection Retry. Number of times to retry establishing a
connection if the first connection attempt fails.
Network Timeout. This is the number of seconds before WS_FTP
Pro times out waiting for an FTP site to respond to a command.
Note that the initial connection timeout is determined by your
Winsock DLL. Setting this value higher does not have any effect on
the initial connection to the FTP site. Setting it to less than the
amount of time than your Winsock DLL uses will cause the
connection to fail in that amount of seconds.

Advance Tab of WS_FTP

Remote Port. This is the port to connect to on the FTP site. This is
normally 21, however, it may be something different if you are
going through a firewall, or if the site administrator has assigned
the FTP service to a non-standard port.
Passive transfers. Select this option if you want your PC to
establish the data connection to the FTP site instead of the site
establishing the data connection to your PC. This is necessary for
some firewall and gateway configurations and when you get failed
data channel errors. Note: not all FTP sites support passive
transfers.

Thank You

Thank You