The 4 th TRADITIONAL EUROPEAN & INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE &

EXHIBITION eRENEWABLIA , eHYDROGENIA , eEFICIENCIA , 2010,

Bucharest, ROMANIA September 20 - 21, 2010

MODULE FOR FLUE GASES

DE-POLLUTION EMPLOING
PHYSICAL METHODS
Authors: Dr. eng. Viorel Serban1, Eng. Gabriela Lungescu1, Eng. Adrian Panait1, Eng. George Ciocan1,
Eng. Madalina Zamfir1, Dr. eng. Marian Androne1, Prof. dr. eng. Ilie Prisecaru2

1)

SUBSIDIARY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING FOR NUCLEAR PROJECTS (SITON)

2)

POLYTECHNICA UNIVERSITY - BUCHAREST

 Industrial

gases contain pollutants which exceed

the allowable concentrations in atmosphere.
GENERAL PRESENTATION
The current pollutant retaining installations are
expensive, are large in volume in point of built area,
require large energy consumption for operation
and/or additional materials.
The new modular depolluting system is so designed
to concentrate and capture the pollutants
in
successive stages by reducing the gas flow which
is to be treated, leading thus to an important
decrease of sizes depolluting system, power
consumption and to a more efficient captureing of
the pollutants.

Further to gas passage through two or three de-polluting stages

connected in series, each stage being made-up of several modules
connected in parallel, the resulted residual flow has a higher
concentration of gaseous pollutants (CO2, SO2, NOx) but about 100 times
smaller flow than the initial flow.

The ultimate flow with a pollutant concentration below the allowable limits
may now be

directly released to atmosphere. The residual flow

containing a concentrate of pollutants is overtaken by a compressor for

to be pressurized and next discharged into an underground disposal
facility or directed to a retention installation which is usually applying the
principle of fractional cooling and condensation, specific to each gaseous
pollutant.
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According to the new concept, the de-polluting installation is

made-up of several concentration, separation and capturing
stages, each of them consisting of several de-polluting
modules installed in parallel through which the gaseous
pollutants are passed and concentrated in a residual flow of
gases up to 100 times smaller than the initial flow (depends of
pollutant types).

A de-polluting module is a compact structure capable to

perform the separation, concentration and capturing of solid
and gaseous pollutants by passage through some successive
stages.

THE NEW DE-POLLUTING SYSTEM

The separation principle consists in the achievement of a thin lamellar gas jet in a
descendent movement which, in many stages, is subjected to some absorbing
forces along the two sides, forces created by a controlled depression aiming at
separating the gaseous molecules function of their volume and mass. The inlet
lamellar gas jet at the module nozzle is continuing its downwards passage through
several separation areas for to re-make-up the jet thickness, until its ultimate
removal. The dust is collected at the bottom side of the bunker and the process is
favored by both the continuous reduction of the gas flow and by the acceleration of
the dust particles along a linear trajectory. A separation area is made-up of two
symmetrical poros convex surfaces beyond which a controlled depressure is
created to produce a uniform and symmetric action of the separation forces which
are normally applied along the gas flowing direction in order to separated the
pollutants.

The convex surfaces are aimed at re-positioning the gas flow in the center and at
reducing its transversal dimension as well as at obtaining a uniformly and normal
distributed separation force of the lamellar gas jet.

Fig. 2.1. Model of depolluting module with side collection on 2

levels. Side view.
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Fig. 2.2. Model of depolluting module with side collection on 2

levels. Upper view.

Fig. 2.3. Model of depolluting module with side collection

on 2 levels. B- B Section
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Fig. 2.4. Model of depolluting module with side collection on 2 levels.

Horizontal side view and gas connection.

Fig. 2.5. Device to set the supply voltage frequency of the de-polluting
module fans
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In order to point-out the phenomenon

of pollutant concentration and separation in a residual
EXPERIMENTAL
MEASUREMENTS

flow, several experiments have been conducted on different stages.

Flue gases were obtained by burning several types of coal in the burner tank of the Energy
Research and Labor Protection Lab in UPB.

The experimental model has

been connected to the gas duct lines trough a hose in an

accessible area at the exhauster outlet. On the two collecting side channels, 2 exhausters were
installed and connected to the stack by 2 hoses.

The frequency of the two fans was modified using 2 frequency regulators, ranging between 45
70 Hz for the depression modification which performs the horizontal suction on one and the
other side of the vertical gas jet.

Because of the technical limits associated to the experiment duration, the tests were conducted
in 2 stages and the frequency variation of the two fans was performed in large steps from 5 in 5
Hz. In the first stage, measurements of temperature, CO2, O2 were performed and additionally
in the second stage, measurements of SO2 were performed. Therefore, there is no certainty
that an optimum separation regime was obtained.

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EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
AND ANALYSES
In order to point-out
the phenomenon
of
pollutant

concentration and capturing in a residual flow, several sets of

measurements at various flows were performed. The
measurements were conducted by two measurement gauges
of the same accuracy along the two collecting channels, in
order to avoid the errors generated by thein-time variation of
the pollutants concentration in the gas flow.

The measurements were performed maintaining constant the

frequency of the fan on Channel A at 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 Hz
and varying the frequency of the fan on Channel B at 45 75
Hz in increments of 5 Hz.

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From the analysis of the results obtained with a side-collection

depolluting module the following conclusions may be drawn :

concentration and separation of pollutants from a lamellar gas jet using

the absorption forces is more feasible

than the separation by gas

centrifugation;

separation is accomplished in presence of two fields of forces obtained

by means of collectors deflectors, namely: the vertical forces perform
the acceleration of the gas jet and the horizontal forces opposite applied
at the same level, perform the separation of the pollutants from the gas
lamellar jet;

the experimental data show that there are optimum areas for the two
fields of forces obtained by depression when a 4 time greater separation
of the clean gases from the pollutant ( flue)

gases is obtained, a

difference of the pollutant concentration in a single stage.

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Table 4.1. Results of CO2 and O2 concentration measurements at

different frequencies of the fan on. Channel B - STAGE 1.

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Fig. 4.1. CO2 concentration in A and B channals and their ratio for 50Hz
frequency fan A and frequency fan B, between 45 65Hz. STAGE 1.

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Table 4.2. The results of the CO2, SO2 and O2 concentration measurements, at
different frequencies of the fan on A and B channels. STAGE 2.
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Fig. 4.2. CO2 concentration in A and B channels, and their ratio for B fan
frequency 50Hz constant, as well as A fan frequency, ranging between 55
70 Hz. STAGE 2.

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Fig. 4.3. CO2 concentration in A and B channels, and their ratio for
B fan frequency 55Hz constant, as well as A fan frequency, ranging
between 55 70 Hz. STAGE 2.

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Fig. 4.4. CO2 concentration in A and B channels, and their ratio for B fan
frequency 65Hz constant, as well as A fan frequency, ranging between 60 70
Hz. STAGE 2.

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Fig. 4.5. CO2 concentration in A and B channels, and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 60Hz, and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 70 Hz.
STAGE 2.

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Fig. 4.6. CO2 concentration in A and B channels, and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 70Hz, and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 65 Hz.
STAGE 2.
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Fig. 4.7. SO2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for B fan
frequency, constant 55 Hz and A fan frequency, ranging between 55 69 Hz.
STAGE 2.
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Fig. 4.8. SO2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for B fan
frequency, constant 60 Hz and A fan frequency, ranging between 60 70
Hz. STAGE 2.

23

Fig. 4.9. SO2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 65 Hz and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 70 Hz.
STAGE 2.
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Fig. 4.10. SO2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 70Hz and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 64 Hz.
STAGE 2.

25

Fig. 4.11. O2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 65 Hz and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 70 Hz.
STAGE 2.

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Fig. 4.12. O2 concentration in A and B channels and their ratio for A fan
frequency, constant 70 Hz and B fan frequency, ranging between 50 64 Hz.
STAGE 2.

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CONCLUSIONS

The preliminary testing conducted by now, point out the fact that the new
solution of total gas de-pollution using physical methods, may lead to very efficient
practical solutions, both economically and technically.

Concentration of the pollutants and their selective capturing in a residual flow is

efficient, both from the energy and installation performance viewpoint.

The straight release to the atmosphere of about 90% gas from the initial flow and
the 10% concentration of the pollutants in a residual flow, from the initial flow,
represent a very satisfactory solution which allows an efficient treatment of the
pollutants in a reduced gas flow and the possibility to obtain useful substances,
such as sulphuric acid, fertilizers, etc.

Further researches will highlight

the efficiency of the new de-pollution solutions

both quantitatively and qualitatively.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION!

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