ENERGY

Transformation and
Conservation

GOALS
By

the end of the presentation, the student will be

able to correctly name the characteristics of the
electromagnetic waves.
By the end of the presentation, the student will be
able to correctly explain what makes up the
electromagnetic spectrum.
By the end of the presentation the student will be
able to correctly explain how does heat affect a
system
By the end of the presentation the student will
recognize that adding heat to or removing heat from
a system may result in a temperature change and
possible a change of state.

CONCEPT WORDS
Wavelength
Frequency
Energy
State
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Energy transformation
Law of conservation of energy
Friction
Absolute zero
Convection current

HOW DOES A CELL PHONE WORK?

Using antennae
By transmitting and
receiving signals
By radio
frequencies

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

Its a disturbance that involves the transfer of

electric and magnetic energy. It moves at the
speed of light.
Energy by the way is the capacity to do work or
any source of usable power, as fossil fuel,
electricity or solar energy. (www.dictionary.com)
Electromagnetic radiation is the energy that
electromagnetic waves transfer through matter or
space. They do not need air to transfer, they take
up empty space. ( Sun transfers through
electromagnetic radiation)

HOW DO ELECTROMAGNETIC
WAVES COMPARE?
They have different wavelengths and they move
at different frequencies.
Frequency is the number
of waves that pass through
a given point in a certain
amount of time.

WHAT ARE THE PROPERTIES OF A

WAVE?

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE

UV RAYS?

They help you produce vitamin D needed to fixate

the calcium to your bones and for the teeth.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATION AND

CONSERVATION

What is biomass?

CHECK POINT
What is the importance of learning about
electromagnetic waves?
What can we predict by studying the properties of waves?
Name two uses that humans give to waves? Could you name any
other one?
What type of energy does Florida produce a lot? What is the
benefit of this type of energy?

HOW DOES HEAT AFFECT A

SYSTEM?
When heat is added to a system, the temperature
of substances in the system increases. When heat
is removed from the system, temperatures
decrease. If enough heat is added to or removed
from a system, substances in the system will
change state.
What is a state?
It is the form in which matter exits: solid, liquid,
gas, *plasma*

STATES OF MATTER

BOILING VS FREEZING POINT

*Boiling point It is the temperature at which the
vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure
surrounding the liquid making the liquid change
into a vapor.
https://
www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil.html
*Freezing point- The temperature at which a
liquid of specified composition solidifies under a
fixed pressure, usually standard pressure.
http://
www.middleschoolchemistry.com/multimedia/chapt
er2/lesson4#ice_bomb

CAN THE OCEAN FREEZE?

CAN THE OCEAN FREEZE? (NOOA)

Ocean water freezes just like freshwater, but at lower

temperatures. Fresh water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit but
seawater freezes at about 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit, because of
the salt in it. When seawater freezes, however, the ice contains
very little salt because only the water part freezes. It can be
melted down to use as drinking water.
At least 15 percent of the ocean is covered by sea ice some part
of the year. On average, sea ice covers almost about 10 million
square miles of the Earth.
Sea water becomes more and more dense as it becomes colder,
right down to its freezing point. Fresh water, on the other hand,
is most dense while still at 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit, well above
the freezing point. The average temperature of all ocean water is
about 38.3 degrees Fahrenheit.

WHY DO WE PUT SALT ON ICY

SIDEWALKS IN THE WINTER?

Because it lowers the freezing point of water from

32 degrees Fahrenheit to more or less 20 degrees
Fahrenheit.

CHECK POINT
How is it called when liquid water transforms
into solid water? How does this happen?
At what temperature does liquid water becomes
solid? Liquid?
How would the environment be affected if the
temperatures dropped fast? Explain using
information that you might know about the
winter storm and the winter blizzard that is
happening right now.

POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC

ENERGY

https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5WJoup-RD8

TYPES OF ENERGY RELATED TO

PARTICLES
Chemical- from the foods that you eat
Thermal- the total kinetic energy and potential
energy in the particles
Nuclear- from the nucleus of the atom (The suns
energy is produced by nuclear fusion)
Electrical- from electrical charges ( ex. Lightning)
Electromagnetic- from vibrating electrical charges
(ex. Light)

HOW IS ENERGY CONVERTED

DURING A TRANSFORMATION?
Single transformation- One form of energy can be
transformed into another one Ex. Chemical energy
from food is transformed into mechanical energy
needed to move the muscles of the body.
Multiple transformations- A series of
transformations is needed to do work. Ex. Carelectrical energy produces a spark, the thermal
energy of it releases chemical energy in the fuel,
this breaks down creating pressure. The pressure
will transform the chemical energy into mechanical
energy and the car will move.
Kinetic and Potential energy- The most common Ex.
A rock falls from a cliff (potential to kinetic energy)

ENERGY CONSERVATION

Law of conservation of energy-Energy is neither

lost nor created during a transformation
H2O

2H + O

Ex. Car- You put gasoline ( chemical energy), when it burns it

becomes into heat energy, which makes the pistons moves
and they make the car move (mechanical energy)

Friction- is the force that one surface puts onto

another surface. When energy is exposed to
friction, it decreases and heat is produced.

CHECK POINT
What does the law of conservation of
energy stipulates?
How can energy be changed without
being lost or created? Explain using
valid examples
What are the types of energy related to
particles?
Provide an example for kinetic energy
and for potential energy

TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY,

AND HEAT
Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic
energy of the particles of an object
US uses Fahrenheit degrees
32 F degrees is 0 C degrees
100 F degrees is 37.7 C degrees
Absolute zero is measured in Kelvin degrees and
its the equivalent to -273 C degrees (-459 F
degrees)

THERMAL ENERGY
Is the total energy of all the particles in an
object.
(ex. P. 358)

( 200 C degrees)

( 200 C degrees)

TRANSFER OF HEAT
Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from a
warmer object to a cooler object by convection,
conduction or radiation. It is measured in Joules
Convection occurs only in liquid and the heat
transfer in this medium produces convection
currents