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Basic Computer Networking

Bowling Green Independent Schools


School Technology Specialist Training
3/3/2001
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Bowling Green Independent Schoo


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Agenda for the Day


Introduction

and overview of training objectives


K12 Guide to Networking and discussion
Walking tour of BGHS MDF & IDF#2, questions
Walking tour of 11th St. MDF, questions
Hands on computer networking at TPDC Computer lab
Lab use of tutorial software: INTEL Guide to Networking
Wrap-up

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District Goal
Assist

schools to become self-sufficient with


technology planning, budgeting, acquisition,
installation and setup of technology equipment,
network administration, and user training so that
the school can handle the day-to-day technology
tasks within the building
STS backgrounds and knowledge levels
School differences
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Our School District


Our

school district is a collection of


schools and special facilities where
instruction occurs on a daily basis.
We have nine schools, WCRJF,
District Office, CCSU, JJC, KERA
Pre-School
Each school is a collection of
computers, instructional and admin
software, network equipment which
comprise the school local area
network (LAN) which is a part of the
district wide area network (WAN)

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What is a Computer Network?


Group

of computers, printers, and other devices


connected together with or without cables
Allows users to exchange documents and data
with each other, print to the same printers, and to
share all hardware and software resources
connected to the network

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Example of a computer network


Sample network

diagram
the types of equipment
that you can expect to
discover on a typical
computer network

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The Need for Speed


Bandwidth

costs $$$.

The

more
users/applications that
you have on the school
network (and between
networks) requires that
you have greater
bandwidth and faster
switching capabilities

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Benefits of Computer Networks


Store

and retrieve information across networks


Allows use of different equipment
Share information by collaborating
Cost effective resource sharing (printers,
CDROMs, email systems, networkable software,
etc.)

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Computer network usage within


BGISD
Instructional
Classroom

and lab instructional software


Library automation
Student home directories
AR, AM, STAR
BreakThrough to Literacy, FastForward
Nortel NetKnowledge
MIE Keyboarding
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Computer network usage within


BGISD
Administrative
Pupil

attendance, scheduling, grades


Cafeteria management
Personnel admin, payroll, insurance
Web services
Email and Internet proxy services
Faculty/staff home directories
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Types of Computer Networks


Peer

to Peer
Client Server
Centralized

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Peer to Peer Computer Networks


A peer

to peer network lacks a dedicated server


and every computer acts as both a client and a
server. This is a good networking solution when
there are 10 or less users that are in close
proximity to each other. A peer to peer network
can be a security nightmare.

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Peer to Peer Networks


Example:

Windows
networking (via Win95 or
Win98/ME) setup in a
small office or home
setting

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Client Server Computer


Networks
Type

of network designed to support a large


number of users and uses dedicated server(s).
Clients log on to the server(s) in order to run
applications or obtain files. Security and
permissions can be managed by one or more
administrators. A centralized NOS can provide a
host of other services.
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Client Server Network


Example:

our Novell or
WinNT server computer
networks within the
schools
Allow simultaneous
access to multiple users
to multiple network
resources
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Centralized Computer Networks


Most

often seen in Unix environments, where the


clients are dumb terminals. This means that the
client may not have a floppy drive, hard disk or
CDROM and all applications and processing
occur on the server(s). Security is very high on
this type of network.
Thin client networks connected to a Windows
Transaction Server or Citrix server.
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Characteristics of Computer
Networks
Topology
Bus
Star
Ring
Mesh

Media Access

Control Method

Ethernet

can be configured as bus or star


Token Ring physically configured as star
ARCNet physically configured as bus or star
FDDI can be configured as bus or star

Protocols

such as 802.2, 802.3, Ethernet_II, TCP/IP, NetBEUI


Architecture and physical layout
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Network Topologies
Examples

of network

topologies

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Physical bus topology

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Distributed bus topology

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Physical star topology

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Distributed star topology

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Physical star-wired ring topology

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Components of computer
networks
Server
Server

NOS

Novell

NetWare
Win NT and Win2000
AIX
Apple

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Components of computer
networks
Server

backup equipment and software

Hubs
Switches
MAUs
Routers

/ Gateway
Cable Plant
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Components of computer
networks
Terminal

equipment

Computer
Computer

operating system

NIC
NOS

client software

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Components of computer
networks
Local

area networks
Wide area networks

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Network Interface Card (NIC)


Typical

NIC installed in
classroom computer

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Network Adapters (NIC)


NICs

come in more than


one variety
They are made in many
varieties for different
types of equipment and
for different media access
control methods

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Common guided transmission


media
Cable

in many different
forms is used as the
media to connect
computer networks

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Transmission Media
Cable

and wireless media


information

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OSI Seven Layer Model


Standards

are very important


in computer networking.
Standards were developed to
make sure that all parts work
together even when made
by different manufacturers.
The OSI seven layer model is
the standard for how data
transactions are handled on a
computer network
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OSI Seven Layer Model


Additional

information
about OSI model.

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OSI Seven Layer Model


Examples

of normal
transactions as they move
from the physical layer to
the application layer

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BGISD Visio Network Diagrams


Novell

NetWare Servers (Handouts)


Win NT Servers (Handouts)
Central Office File Servers (Handouts)

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Thin Ethernet network (physical


bus, logical bus)

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10Base-T Ethernet network


(physical star, logical bus)

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Logical ring topology

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Switching

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Various networking hardware


connected to form a simple
network

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Internetworking through a
bridge

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Internetworking two networks using different types


of network adapters (MAC) in one NetWare server, by
means of the server's internal routers

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Internetworking two networks using the same type


of network adapter (MAC) in one NetWare server, by
means of the server's internal routers

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Internetworking multiple networks using different types of network


adapters (MAC) in two NetWare servers, by means of internal and
standalone
routers

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On 100Base-TX networks, the physical topology is a


star and the logical topology is a bus. A broadcast
signal travels to all parts of the cable

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Host systems connected to a complex Multiserver


NetWare network

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On 100VG-AnyLAN networks, both the physical and logical topologies are


stars. The signal from one node goes to the intelligent hub and is routed
only to the correct destination node

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A simple server-based backbone


connecting two LAN segments

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Frame relay is a WAN technology that enables companies to


connect LANs through a telecommunications carrier's
network

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INTEL Guide to Networking


A graphical

interactive CAI Networking Tutorial

(597k)
Install this program on your office or classroom
workstation for additional training
Download at: http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS
/Training/BCN/Intel.exe

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Further Readings
Novell

Documentation NetWare 5.1 http://www.novell.com/documentation/lg/nw51/docui/index.html


Computer Networking Home Page http://compnetworking.about.com/compute/compnetworking/
Network Primer - http://www.pennteck.com/PDSICorp/LANPrimer/00Begin.htm
Networking Guide Basic LAN Architecture http://www.zyxel.com/html/networkingguide/LAN/localareanetwork.html
Washington State - K12 Guide to Networking
http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/k12-Guide-to-networking.pdf (view and
download)
This PowerPoint presentation
http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/BCN/BCN-STS.ppt (download) or
http://www.b-g.k12.ky.us/STS/Training/BCN/BCN-STS.htm (view)

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