TRANSPORT

ARCIAGA, BALDERIA, CHEN ( HAPPY BIRTHDAY), DULAY, HERNANDEZ, OCHAVO

DEFINITION

As defined by the INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS,

Tr a n s p o r t a t i o n p l a n n i n g i s e s s e n t i a l l y t h e
c o n fl u e n c e o f M A N Y D I F F E R E N T
D I S C I P L I N E S c o m i n g t o g e t h e r i n t h e fi r s t
stages of the development of PLANS, POLICIES and
L E G I S L AT I V E A C T I V I T I E S , F U N D I N G , a n d P R O J E C T
D E V E LO P M E N T .

SOURCE: http://www.ite.org/planning/

DEFINITION

Transportation Planning Handbook

Michael D. Meyer, Ph.D., P.E.,

Director and Professor, Georgia Transportation Institute, Transportation

planning practice is defined as:

Improving coordination between land use and transportation system

planning

Providing cooperative interaction between planning, design, and

operation of transportation services

Maintaining a balance between transportation-related energy use, clean air

and water, and encouraging alternative modes of transportation that will
enhance efficiency while providing high levels of mobility and safety.

It is crucial in planning sustainable developments and ensuring accessibility for all

individuals

IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT
PLANNING:
Justify Funding
Obtain Planning Permission
Environmental Considerations

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

TIA or Traffic Impact Assessment

To assess whether there is need for road and highway improvements

To assess the effects that will happen to the transportation network of a particular
development

Stages in Traffic Impact Assessment:

Scoping Study seeks to answer some of the questions

Trip Generation examines critical junctions

Parking Availability determines the number of parking spaces

Trip Distribution distributes total number of trips in the network based on the results of
the trip generation

Trip Assignment uses a standard trip assignment model

Traffic Growth projects the impact of a new development in the future

Growth factor = Future year / Current Year

Overall Examination demonstrates overall impact, with or without development, based on

its difference

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

Junction Performance

To determine the impact of development for all traffic scenarios and the
capacity of all critical junctions

To identify queues and delays

To determine the capacity by the number of lanes and lane width

Other modes:

Examining access through public transportation, cycling and walking

Frequency and capacity of public transport services

Proximity of the development to public transport modes

Proximity of cycle lanes

Car sharing, pooling, and car clubs

METHODS OF TRANSPORT PLANNING:

Monitor existing conditions.

Forecast future population and employment growth, and identify

major growth corridors.

Identify current and projected future transport problems and

needs, and various projects and strategies to address those needs.

Evaluate and prioritize potential improvement projects and

strategies.

Develop long-range plans and short-range programs identifying

specific capital projects and operational strategies.

Develop a financial plan for implementing the selected projects

and strategies.

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Background

Description of proposed development

Identification of peak hours and whether weekends will be used in

the impact analysis

Description of study area

Location of proposed Access points

Base traffic conditions

Description of road network and intersections adjacent to site and at

access points

Counts during peak-impact hours

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Site traffic generation

Trip generation rates used and the source of these rates

Traffic generated during peak impact hours

Site traffic distribution

Method used to distribute traffic

Table showing estimated traffic movements by direction

Discussion of method used for traffic assignment and assumptions

for assignment of traffic to network

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Non-site traffic predictions

Definition of design yearopening of proposed development

Identification of development in study area whose traffic is to be

included in calculations

Adjustments of off-site through traffic volumes

Assembling of off-site traffic forecast for design year

Traffic Assignments

Assignment of peak-period traffic to intersections and access points

Figures for existing peak impact traffic hours, site traffic and total
traffic

Recommended access design improvements

FORMAT OF THE TIA REPORT:

Review of site plan

Parking layout

Loading dock locations and access, including design truck used

Recommended changes

SOME MAJOR POLICY AND

PLANNING ISSUES

Air Quality

Congestion Management Process (CMP)

Financial Planning and Programming

Freight Movement

Land Use and Transportation

Planning and Environment Linkages

Public Involvement

Air Quality

What is the relationship between transportation and air quality?

Usage of the transportation system is an influential factor in a regions

air quality. Therefore, the estimated emission of pollutants from motor
vehicles is a key consideration in transportation planning

What are the major sources of air pollution?

Stationary sources include relatively large, fixed facilities such as power

plants, chemical process industries, and petroleum refineries.

Area sources are small, stationary, non-transportation sources that

collectively contribute to air pollution such as dry cleaners, gas stations,
landfills, wastewater treatment plants, and others.

Mobile sources include on-road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and buses;
and off-road sources such as trains, ships, airplanes, boats, lawnmowers,
and construction equipmen

Congestion Management Process

(CMP)

What is the CMP?

The congestion management process (CMP) is a way of systematically

considering congestion-related issues using a set of technical tools, and
basing evaluations on a discrete set of locally determined performance
measures.

What is the typical process?

Develop alternative strategies to mitigate congestion;

Determine the cause of congestion;

Identify congested locations;

Evaluate the potential of different strategies;

Evaluate the impacts of previously implemented strategies; and

Propose alternative strategies that best address the causes and impacts
of congestion.

Financial Planning

What are the sources of transportation funds?

income tax, sales tax, tolls, bonds, and state, local, and federal
excise taxes on various fuels, state infrastructure banks (SIBs),
and credit assistance sources.

Each state decides which mix of funds is best suited to carry out
particular projects.

What is financial planning?

Financial planning takes a long-range look at how transportation

investments are funded, and at the possible sources of funds. State
and public transportation operators must consider funding needs
over both the 20-year period of the long-range transportation plan
and the 4-year period of TIPs and STIPs

Freight Movement

What is the role of freight movement in transportation

The efficient movement - critically important to industry, retail, agriculture,

international trade, and terminal operators.

What are some freight-transport tactics that transportation decision

makers might consider?

Truck restrictions

Road design and construction

Road pricing

Fleet management

Traffic engineering

Shipper/receiver actions

Incident management

Inspection/enforcement

Information management

Land Use and Transportation

What is the relationship between land use and

transportation?

Land use and transportation are symbiotic:

Urban or community design can facilitate alternative travel

modes.

a connected system of streets can facilitate travel by foot, bicycle,

and public transportation

Dispersed land development patterns may facilitate vehicular travel

Planning and Environment

Linkages

Why link transportation planning to environmental processes?

State and local agencies- achieve significant benefits by

incorporating environmental and community values into
transportation decisions early in planning

Relationship-building:

Process efficiencies

On-the-ground outcomes

Public Involvement

What is the role of public involvement in developing

transportation policies, programs, and projects?

Public involvement is integral to good transportation planning.

What are the indicators of an effective public participation

process?

Clearly defined purpose and objectives public dialogue

Specific identification of the affected public and other stakeholder
groups

Identification of techniques for engaging

Notification

Methods and measures for evaluating the effectiveness of the public

involvement program;

Recommendations & Case Studies

1. Redesign public roads and transport system with strong

human-centered ethos and ecological footprint

Widen sidewalks, footpaths, build decent foot bridges and

develop bike lanes to enable the public to walk or cycle safely to
and from nearby places. Creating wide roads and too much
parking spaces will only encourage motorists to use their cars
more.

2. Coherent Urban
Planning

Decentralization, develop satellite cities

In Vietnam, the government wants to lighten inner city traffic by

reducing the number of people living in those areas. Its policy is
to build workers housing near business parks and industrial
zones, move universities to suburban sites.

3. Prioritize public
transit

The survey conducted by the

Urban Land Institutes (ULI) in its
Infrastructure 2014: Shaping a
Competitive City report, found out
that the top driver of real estate
investments is the quality of
infrastructure (transportation,
telecommunications, etc) and the
highest infrastructure priority is
improved public transit services
(bus and rail). Improved roads and
bridges came second, followed by
improved pedestrian
infrastructure.

4. Encourage more compact development

With compact development, it becomes possible to achieve

sustainability on a national level because it allows neighborhoods
and employment centers concentration of population and
employment, create a mix of uses, and encourage pedestrian-,
bicycle-, and transit-friendly design. Moreover, this kind of
development improves physical and social activities and
prioritizes public spaces.

5. Emphasis on sustainability and private-public

partnership

Political arrangements in Japan after World War II made it

attractive for politicians to pursue energy conservation by
making transportation, particularly by automobile, expensive for
the average Japanese citizen.

Source London - is a London-wide electric vehicle charge point

network

GrabTaxi- improve the safety and efficiency of town taxis by

leveraging on advancements in GPS and mobile technology

Uber, Grabcar car-booking apps

6. Changing Personal Habits

Government must develop not only proper transportation system

and facilities, but also measures to change the bad habits of its
citizens. Using non-mass transport vehicles like tricycle and
private cars means personal freedom, it means you could go
anywhere you want anytime you want. The solution could be to
introduce a city toll scheme similar to the congestion charge in
London.

The Congestion Charge is an11.50daily charge for driving a

vehicle within the charging zone between 07:00 and 18:00,
Monday to Friday. It is payable by registering for Congestion
Charge Auto Pay, or by online payment, SMS, phone, post, or
automated telephone service. There are a range of exemptions
and discounts available to certain vehicles and individuals. There
is no charge on weekends, public holidays, between Christmas
Day and New Year's Day inclusive, or between 18:00 and 07:00
on weekdays.

References

http://www.easts.info/on-line/proceedings_05/2391.pdf

http://www.manilatimes.net/5-ways-improve-urban-transport-infr
astructure/127444/
http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/vietnam-needs-tackle-urban-traffi
c-congestion
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030142151201
0981
https://www.sourcelondon.net/what-is-source-london

https://tfl.gov.uk/modes/driving/congestion-charge/paying-thecongestion-charge?intcmp=2115#autopay