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Lesson 2
Stress
stress internal force in a material which
Types of stresses
Compressive stress
Tensile stress
Shear stress
Torsion
Bending
Compressive stress
Compressive stress is the stress applied
Tensile stress
Tensile stress is the stress state leading
Shear stress
Shear stress is a stress state where the
Torsion
the stress which resists a force tending to
Bending
Bending occurs when the force applied
Strain
Strain = distortion of a material
Material testing
Tensile test measures strength and ductility of a
material
A) a static increasing pull is applied until fracture results
(stress - strain curve)
B) a dynamic load is applied giving data on fatigue impact
Impact test measures the energy absorbed by a
indentation
Testing machine
Testing procedure
a specimen of standard size = test piece
grip in jaws
apply load gradually (tensile or
compressive)
extend, extension, extended
original length = L1
new length = L2
deformation = extension/original length
Modulus of elasticity
the modulus of elasticity (elastic modulus)
Yield point
= the stress at which a material begins to
deform plastically
prior to the yield point the material will
Factor of safety
describes the structural capacity of a