MECHANICS OF SOLIDS-I

(LAB)

Instructor: Engr. Azhar Shehzad

Total Marks: 20

Marks Distribution

Practical Copy = 10
Quiz
=5
Viva
=5

List of practicals

Layout of strength of materials lab

Study of small instruments
To perform tension test on hot rolled
steel rod. ( ASTM A615/615M )
To perform forward strength on a
wooden block
To perform flexure strength on a wooden
beam

To perform charpis impact test on given

samples.
i.
ii.

In bending
In tension

Study of column buckling.

JOB NO.2
Study of Small Instruments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Vernier Caliper
Micrometer screw gauge
Deflection gauge
Extensiometer
Inside calipers
Outside calipers
Spring divider

1. Vernier Caliper
Purpose:
It is used to measure,
Length
Depth
Width
Internal dia
External dia
Of small objects.

Parts and their functons:

1. Upper and lower jaws
2. Clamping knob
3. Main scale
4. Vernier scale
5. Stem

Parts of a vernier caliper

Outside jaws: used to measure external diameter or width of an object

Inside jaws: used to measure internal diameter of an object

Depth probe: used to measure depths of an object or a hole

Main scale: scale marked every mm

Main scale: scale marked in inches and fractions

Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements to 0.1 mm or better

Vernier scale gives interpolated measurements in fractions of an inch

Retainer: used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring of a

measurement

Least count:

Least count is the highest degree of

accuracy of measurement that can be
achieved.
Smallest measurement which an
instrument can measure.
Vernier calipers commonly used in
industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm
(10 micrometres), or one thousandth of
an inch

Zero error:

It is the incorrect reading that you have on

your instrument when it is measuring something that
*you know* should read zero.
Positive zero error refers to the fact that when the jaws
of the vernier caliper are just closed, the reading is a
positive reading away from the actual reading of
0.00mm. If the reading is 0.10mm, the zero error is
referred to as +0.10mm.
Negative zero error refers to the fact that when the jaws
of the vernier caliper are just closed, the reading is a
negative reading away from the actual reading of
0.00mm. If the reading is 0.08mm, the zero error is
referred to as -0.08mm.

Zero error in screw

gauge

The zero marking on the thimble is below the

datum line. So this is called micrometer has a
positive error Subtract the reading.

The zero marking on the thimble is above the

datum line. So this micrometer has a negative
zero error. Add the reading.

Using a Micrometer Screw-Gauge

You can use a mircometer

to measure small (>2.5 cm)
diameters that can fit
within the 'jaws' of the
screw-gauge

Determination of the diameter 'd' of a wire

Place the wire between the anvil and spindle end as

indicated in the diagram.
Rotate the thimble until the wire is firmly held
between the anvil and the spindle.
The rachet is provided to avoid excessive pressure
on the wire. It prevents the spindle from further
movement - squashing the wire!.
To take a reading first look at the main scale. This
has a linear scale reading on it.The long lines are
every millimeter, the shorter ones denote half a
millimeter in between.
Now look at the rotating scale. Each division is
0.01mm.

Least count
= 0.01 mm

Least count

= 0.01 mm
Calculating micrometer screw gauge reading:
Total observed reading = main scale reading + (circular scale division
coinciding the base line of main scale) x least count
True diameter = observed diameter zero error

Deflection Gauge
It is used for the measurement of
deflection of different materials. It has
following parts,
I. On/off button
II. Main dial
III. Compressible pin
IV. Pushing knob
V. Large/small dia circle

Deflection Gauge

Extensometer

An extensometer is a device that is

used to measure changes in the length
of an object. It is useful for stress-strain
measurements and tensile tests. Its
name comes from "extension-meter".

Extensometer

Inside caliper

Used to measure inside dia

Outside caliper

Used to measure outside dia

Spring Divider

Used to measure length, width and dia of

smaller objects.