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Smriti
Saraswat
Sonal Agarwal
Shubham
Period :-
Period :-
Period :-
salk institute
Modernism:-
established in 1920.
Walter
Gropius in
Germany.
Modernism:-
established in 1920.
Modernism:-
established in 1920.
Brutalism:-
Modernism:-
established in 1920.
Critics :
The abstract nature of brutalism makes the
style:
Unfriendly and uncommunicative
For example-the location of the entrance of
the brutalist structure is rarely obvious to the
visitor.
steel
Most suitable structural material for
framing of hugecellular buildings.
Produced uninterrupted spans over
openings.
Steel members can be rolled in shapes
such as,plates,angles,I beams,etc.
This resulted into rigid continuous
structures thus producing the
fundamental change in architectural
design.
Prestressed concrete
This was a new material which helped
beyond imagination.
Used in the construction of bridges and
hangers of air ships etc.
Glass
Transparent to ultra voilet rays but
opaque to infra red rays(heat).
Extensively used instead of
shades,blinds and curtains.
Sheets of one way glass was largely
employed in windows.
Le corbusier gave the five points :Lift the building on the coloumn off the ground.
Replace the ground covered by buildings
footprint with the roof terrace.
Let long windows stretch across the
facade , and from side to side of rooms.
Let the plan be free flowing.
Let the faade be free composition ,able
to respond to light, views or compositional
effect.
Eiffel tower
Named after its designer, engineer
Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built
as the entrance arch to the
1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands 324 metres
(1,063 ft) tall, about the same
height as an 81-storey building.
Three hundred workers joined
together 18,038 pieces of
puddled iron (a very pure form of
structural iron), using two and a half
million rivets, in a structural design
by Maurice Koechlin
Eiffel tower
The pig iron structure of the Eiffel Tower
weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire
structure, including non-metal components,
is approximately 10,000 tonnes.
Careful examination of the tower shows a
basically exponential shape.
the lower section overdesigned to ensure
resistance to wind forces.
In order to maintain a uniform appearance
to an observer on the ground, three separate
colours of paint are used on the tower, with
the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at
the top.
Eiffel tower
The only non-structural elements are
the four decorative grillwork arches.
which served to reassure visitors that
the structure was safe, and to frame
views of other nearby architecture.
Villa savoye
Villa savoye was designed by Le
corbusier in 1928-1929.
An early and classic exemple of the
"International Style", which hovers
above a grass plane on thin concrete.
with strip windows, and a flat roof
with a deck area, ramp, and a few
contained touches of curvaceous
walls.
Villa savoye
The plan was set out using the
principle ratios of the Golden section:
In this case a square divided into
sixteen equal parts, extended on two
sides to incorporate the projecting
faades and then further divided to give
the position of the ramp and the
entrance.
Villa savoye
Villa savoye
Elevation
Section
Crystal palace
It was built to house the
great industrial exhibition of
1851.
Crystal palace
Crystal palace
Section
Crystal palace
Details
Falling water
located in bear run,pennsylvania
Falling water
Falling water
For the cantilevered
Falling water
Site plan
Falling water
plan
Falling water
Elevation
Falling water
Section
Books :