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Unit

Business
Research and
Report Writing

Bendicio, Judy
Ann C.
Role, Cristina P.
Ruedas, Patricia

What is Research?
Research is seeking for the
truth.
It process identify facts about the
event or occurrences through a
systematic process of identifying
the problems, collecting and
analyzing data to arrive at a
correct and reliable decision.

Purpose of Research
Research is used to explain and
understand a phenomenon.

Characteristics of Research

Good
Good
Good
Good

Research
Research
Research
Research

is
is
is
is

Systematic
Logical
Empirical
Replicable

The Business Research


Business research deals with the
problem that involves gathering and
submitting data related to previous
sales and other problems in the
business industry.
It serves as a guide in knowing the
stand of the company in the past and
it also helps arriving at a good
solution to the problem.

Why do we need to deal


with business research?
As you complete your research, you
will discover new things and ideas.
You have the duty to fulfill the goals
of the reader of your report, which is
to gather information presented and
to know that the findings are
legitimate.

Steps in Business Research


and Report Writing

Define the problem


Develop a statement purpose
Prepare a work plan
Gathering materials, organizing,
analyzing and interpreting data.
Finalizing business report paper.

Step 1: Define the Problem


1. In an information report, the problem might
just be gathering and submitting data related
to last months sales to the admin.
2. In an analytical report, defining a problem will
most likely involve solving a problem. This
needs developing a problem statement.
3. Limit the scope of your study. Asking
questions helps limit the scope of the problem
and may help set the boundaries for
investigation.
4. Outline issues for investigation to represent
ideas

Step 2: Develop a
statement purpose
Statement of purpose defines the
objectives of the report.
It defines why are you preparing the
report
A problem statement defines what
you are going to investigate
Begin with an infinitive to phrase
your purpose.

Step 3: Prepare a Work Plan


1. You need this to:
a. Meet a firm deadline; and
b. Maximize the use of finite resources
2. A formal work plan should include
these elements:

Statement of the problem to stay focused


and to avoid distractions;
Statement of purpose and scope of
investigation;
Statement of what you want to accomplish;
Definition of the boundaries of report;
Discussion of the sequence of tasks to be
accomplished;
Indication of the following sources of
information, required research;
Constraints or restrictions on money, time,
personnel or data;

Description of the end products at


the end of the investigation;
Review project assignments,
schedules and resource
requirements;
Knowledge of who will be responsible
for the tasks, when will they be
completed, how much the
investigation will cost;
Planning for following up after
delivery of report.

Step 4: Gathering materials, organizing, analyzing and interpreting data.

1. Gathering materials
. Primary sources are books, articles,
magazines and journals.
. Electronic services
. Interview from experts who are
more knowledgeable about the
topic.

An Interview
Conduct an interview of the experts
who have knowledge about your
research.
In order to make sure that you will
not miss any important information
needed in your study, design a
questionnaire that would carry out
substantial information.

2. Organizing Data makes it easier


to read and understand.
Different ways in organizing your
data that you collected:
a. Organizing by categories
b. Organizing by using charts and
comparing data

Step 5: Finalizing business report paper.

Is done by formatting your paper like


adding page numbers, correcting line
spacing and fixing margins,
depending on your teachers
instructions. Read your paper again
thoroughly to ensure you have done
everything correctly.

Bibliography
It is a record of sources listed
alphabetically by the last name of
the author. If no author was given,
list the source by the title or by the
institution at which it was published.
If part of the publication information
is missing, document it with the
following abbreviations: N.p (no
page) : N.p. (no place), n.d (no date).
Example: Boston: N.p., 1996.

Why must you do a


bibliography?
To acknowledge and give credit to sources of
words, ideas, diagrams, illustrations, quotation
borrowed, or any materials summarized or
paraphrase.
To show that you are respectfully borrowing
other peoples ideas, not stealing them. To
prove that you are nor plagiarizing.
To give readers an opportunity to check out your
sources for accuracy.
Your teacher insists that you do a bibliography
or marks will be deducted.

Writing bibliography: American


Psychological Association (APA) Format
Format Examples
1. Books
Authors last name, first initial. (Publication
Date). Book title. Additional Information. City of
Publication: Publication Company.

Example
Allen, T. (1974). Vanishing wildlife of North
America. Washington, D.C.: National
Geographic Society.

2. Encyclopedia and Dictionary


Authors last name, first initial. (Date). Title of
the article. Title of the encyclopedia (volume,
pages). City of Publication: Publishing Company.

Bergmann, P.G. (1993). Relativity. In The


new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 26, pp.
501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia
Britannica.

3. Magazine and Newspaper articles


Authors last name, first initial. (Publication
Date). Article title. Periodical title, volume
number (issue number if available), inclusive
pages.

Note:
Title should not be enclosed with quotation
marks. Italicized the volume number and
give the page range. Use p. or pp. for page
numbers if theres no volume in periodicals.

4. Website or Webpage
a. Online Format
Authors last name. (Date of Publication ). Title of
Article . Title of Periodical, volume number ,
Retrieve month day, year, from full URL

b. Online Document
Authors last name. (Date of Publication ). Title of
work . Retrieve month day, year, from full URL

Note:
When citing Internet sources, refer to the
specific website document. If a document
is undated, use n.d. (for no date)
immediately after the document title.

In-Text Citations
The purpose of citing sources is for
the reader to validate everything
that has been written.

APA In-Text Citations


1. Basic format for quotation. Introduce
the quotation with a signal phrase that
includes the authors last name followed by
the year of publication in parentheses. Put
the page number (p.) in parentheses
after the quotation.
2. Basic format for summary or
paraphrase. Include the authors last
name and the year either in a signal phrase
introducing the material or in parentheses
following it. The page number is optional.

3. Work with two authors. Name both


authors in the signal phrase or the
parentheses each time you cite the work. In
parentheses use & and in the signal
phrase use and
4. Work with three to five authors.
Identify all authors in the signal phrase or
the parentheses the first time you cite the
source. Use the first authors name
followed by et.al. in subsequent citations.
5. Work with six or more authors. Use
the authors name followed by et.al. in
the single phrase parentheses.

6. Work with six or more authors. If the author


is unknown, mention the works title in the signal
phrase or give the first word or two of the title in
the parenthetical citation. Titles of the article and
chapters are put in quotation marks and titles of
books and reports are capitalized.
7. Organization as author. If the author is a
government agency or another organization,
name the organization in the signal phrase or in
the parenthetical citation the first time you cite a
source.
8. Authors with the same last name. Use initials
with the last names if your reference list includes
two or more authors with the same name.

9. Two or more works by the same author in


the same year. When your list of references
includes more than one work by the same author
in the same year, use lowercase letters (a, b,
and so on) with the year to order the entries in
the reference list.
10. Two or more works in the same
parentheses. When your parenthetical citation
names two or more works, put them in the same
order that they appear in the reference list,
separated with semicolons.
11. Personal communication. Personal
interview, memos, letters, e-mail, and similar
unpublished communications should be cited in
text only, not in the reference list.

12. Electronic source. When


possible, cite electronic sources,
including online source, as you would
any other source, giving the author
and the year.
13. Indirect Source. If you use a
source that was cited in another
source, name the original source in
your signal phrase.
14. Sacred or Classical Text.
Identify the text, the version or
edition you used, and the relevant
part,

Thank You
for
Listening~

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