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EDUCATION
A transformative Response
to Major Societal Challenges
Peace Education
- is the process of acquiring the
values, the knowledge and developing
the attitudes, skills, and behaviors to
live in harmony with oneself, with
others, and with the natural
environment.
Introduction:
The greatest resource for building a culture
of peace are the people themselves, for it is
through them that peaceful relationships are
created.
HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF
PEACE
A new way of thinking about peace is important
today.
HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF
Peace is both the absence PEACE
of personal/direct violence, and the
presence of social justice.
The meaning of peace can be captured by the idea of a negative
peace and the idea of a positive peace.
Negative peace refers to the absence of war or physical/direct
violence, while positive peace refers to the presence of just and
non-exploitative relationships, as well as human ecological
well-being, such that the root causes of conflict are diminished.
Peace with nature is considered the foundation of positive
peace because the earth is ultimately the source of our survival,
physical sustenance, health and wealth; it is not possible to provide
for human survival if natures capacity to renew itself is seriously
impaired. It must also be remembered that human behavior is
intimately related to the availability of basic resources.
Defining Peace
Peace
Positive Peace
Negative Peace
Presence of conditions of
well-being and just
relationships: social,
economic, political,
ecological
Absence of direct/physical
Violence (both macro and micro)
Structural Violence
Direct Violence
e.g., war, torture, child and woman
abuse
Violence
Ecological Violence
e.g., pollution,
overconsumption
Levels of Peace
Types of Violence
Betty Reardon, a peace educator who has made significant
contributions to the field, defines violence as humanly inflicted
harm.
level
Form
of violence
Personal
Interperso
nal/Comm
unity
National
Global
Direct/
physical
Domestic
Suicide
Drug abuse violence
Civil War
Violent
Crimes
Human
rights
abuses
Conventional
war
Nuclear war
Human rights
abuses
Structural/
economic,
political
Socio-cultural/
psychological
Powerlessne
ss
Local inequalities
Poverty, hunger
Prejudice/enemy
images
Cultural
domination
Racism
Sexism
Religious
intolerance
National
inequalities
Poverty, hunger
Prejudice/enemy
images
Cultural
domination
Racism
Sexism
Religious
intolerance
Global
inequalities
Poverty, hunger
Prejudice/enemy
images
Cultural
domination
Racism
Sexism
Religious
intolerance
Overconsumption
Pollution
Overconsumption
Pollution
Chemical and
Overconsumption
Pollution
Chemical and
Violent
crimes
Alienation
Low selfesteem
anxiety
Ecological
Overconsumption
PEACE EDUCATION AS
TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION
Peace education or an education that promotes a culture
of peace, is essentially transformative. It cultivates the
knowledge behaviors that, in the first place, have either
created or exacerbated violent conflicts.
It seeks this transformative by building awareness and
Understanding, developing concern, and finally, challenging
personal and social that will enable people to create
conditions and systems that actualize nonviolence, justice,
environmental care and other peace values.
Cognitive Phase
(being aware, Understanding)
Active Phase
Affective Phase
Attitudes/Values
1.
2.
3.
4.
Self-respect
Respect for others
Gender equality
Respect for life/
nonviolence
5.
Compassion
6.
Global concern
7.
Ecological concern
8.
Cooperation
9.
Openness & tolerance
10. Justice
11. Social responsibility
12. Positive vision
Skills
Knowledge
1. Holistic concept o peace
2. Conflict & Violence causes
3. Some peaceful alternatives
Disarmament
Nonviolence-Philos.& practice
Conflict resolution, Transformation, prevention
Human rights
Human solidarity
Democratization
Development Based on justice
Sustainable Development
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Reflection
Critical thinking &
analysis
Decision making
Imagination
Conflict resolution
Empathy
Group building
Attitudes/Values
It is suggested that the following attitudes and values be
cultivated:
Self-respect
Respect for others
or
f
on hts
i
t
a
c
ig
u
R
d
E
n
a
m
u
H
Environmental
Peace
6
Peta
ls of
Peac
e
Intercultural
Solidarity
Dis
the man
Wa Cul tling
tur
r
eo
f
g
n
si e
s
e ac
n
r Pe
a
H er
Inn
Educ
ation
f or
Justic
Com e and
pass
ion
ENVIRONMENTAL PEACE
- includes fostering global
stewardship, simple living,
and combating the
environmental degradation
that accompanies
unsustainable development
and war.
INTERCULTURAL SOLIDARITY
- it is concerned with
interactions between differing
groups and cultural norms, and
national and international
institutions that perpetuate
violence or foster peace.
Spiritual
and Faith
Traditions As
Resources For
CHALLENGING
PREJUDICE AND
BUILDING TOLERANCE
Types of Prejudice:
Racism the belief that ones own cultural or racial heritage is innately
superior to that of others, hence, the lack of respect or appreciation for
those who belong to a different race
Effects of war
Most horrible effect of war is Massive Death
Cause people to flee their homes
Weapons to proliferate
Lose their livelihoods and their access to food
supply
Loss of investments
Destroy property and the environment
Raze opportunity for tourism
Wars disrupt childrens education
Great fear and trauma among the population.
Avoidance or withdrawal
Aggression
Accommodation
Compromise
Collaboration
What is
Mediation?
Declare your classroom a zone of peace and establish rules to achieve it.
Discussion
Pair Share
Visualization/Imagination Exercise
Perspective-taking
Role-playing
Simulation Games
Problem-solving
Considering positions/Issue poll
Encouraging actions
Reading or writing a quotation
Web-charting
Use of film and Photographs
Telling Stories, including Personal Stories
Song/poem Analysis
Sentence Completion
Journal Writing/Individual Reflection
Go-Round
Teachable Moments
Interviews/Research
Expert Resources
Reciprocal Teaching
Twinning Projects
Dialogues
Exposure Trips