PROGRESS

SEMINAR
ON AUTOMATIC RAIL GATE
CONTROL

PRESENTED BY:
SAJAL DAS (94026)
MITUL THAKURIA (94027)
ABHIJIT BARUAH (104132)
A.VILASH REDDY (94050)

Guided by
M. BABITA DEVI:

PLAN OF TALK:

INTRODUCTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM

WORKING PRINCIPLE

EXPLANATION OF

IC AT89C2051
IC 74LS245
STEPPER MOTOR
RELAY
INFRARED

ALGORITHM
CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION:
An automatic railway gate control at unmanned level
crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers
and also the semi automatically operated gates. It deals
with two things.
Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the
gate is being kept closed.
And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by
reducing the accidents that usually occur due to
carelessness of road users and at times errors made by
the gatekeepers.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

AT89C2051 MICROCONTROLLER:
The AT89C2051 is a low-voltage, highperformance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer
with 2K bytes of Flash programmable and
erasable read only memory (PEROM).
The Device is manufactured using highdensity non-volatile memory technology
and is compatible with the industrystandard MCS-51 instruction set.
By combining a Versatile 8-bit CPU with
Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C2051
is a powerful Microcomputer which
provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many Embedded control
applications.

FEATURES:
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
2K Bytes of Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
2.7V to 6V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Two-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
15 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial UART Channel
Direct LED Drive Outputs
On-chip Analog Comparator
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
PIN diagram of AT89C2051

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

74LS245
The SN54/74LS245 is an Octal Bus
Transmitter/Receiver
designed
for8-line
asynchronous 2-way data communication between
data buses. Direction Input (DR) controls
transmission of Data from bus A to bus B or bus B to
bus a depending upon its logic level. The Enable
input (E) can be used to isolate the buses.
Hysteresis Inputs to Improve Noise Immunity
2-Way Asynchronous Data Bus Communication
Input Diodes Limit High-Speed Termination
Effects
ESD > 3500 Volts

LOGIC DIAGRAM AND TRUTH

TABLE:

RELAYS:
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Many relays use an electromagnet to
operate a switching mechanism, but other
operating principles are also used.

Relays find applications where it is

necessary to control a circuit by a lowpower signal, or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal.

WORKING:

USES OF RELAYS:

Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal,

as in some types of modems or audio amplifiers,
Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal,
as in the starter solenoid of an automobile,
Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution
lines by opening and closing circuit breakers (protection
relays),

IR TRANSMITTER:

IR RECEIVER:

STEPPER MOTOR:
A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brushless,
synchronous electric motor that can divide a full
rotation into a large number of steps.
The motor's position can be controlled precisely
without any feedback mechanism, as long as the
motor is carefully sized to the application.
.

CHARACTERISTICS:
Stepper motors are constant power devices.
As motor speed increases, torque decreases.
Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the
discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another.
This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause
the motor to lose torque (or lose direction).

ALGORITHM:
STEP 1: Start.
STEP 2: Set the variables.
STEP 3: Make initial settings of the signals for the train and
road users.
STEP 4: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction
by the sensors. If the train is sensed go to STEP 5. Otherwise
repeat STEP 4.
STEP 5: Make the warning signal for the road users and set
the signal for the train.
STEP 6: Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors.
If there is no obstacle go to STEP 7. Otherwise repeat STEP 6.
STEP 7: Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.
STEP 8: Change the signal for the train.
STEP 9: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the
train sensed go
to next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.
STEP 10: Open the gate. STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.
STEP 12: Stop.

FLOWCHART

CONCLUSION:
The project is an approach to provide the security to our
INDIAN RAILWAY transportation. This electronics project
is developed for the reduction of human effort. This
electronic project is an approach to the modern
transportation system.

REFERENCE:

http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php
WWW.SKITRONICS.COM
WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
WWW.GOOGLE.COM