GROUP NO 8

USMAN JAVED 2007-ag-2038

M.JUNAID 2007-ag-1992
JAWAD SHAH 2007ag-1993
M.IRFAN 2007-ag-1995
M.FIAZ 2007-ag-2002
REHMAN ALI 2007-ag-2007
TASLEEM AKHTAR 2007-ag-2008
KHURAM IHSAN 2007-ag-2039
WHY WE GROW BER?
 BOTANY

Botanical Name : (1) Zizyphus Jujube

(2) Zizyphus Mauritiana
Family: Rhamnaceae
40 species approximately
small spreading tree, with drooping branches

Height: 5-8 m high

Stem Bark: bark, rough, gray or dull black
Leaves: dark-green, alternate, ovate or oblong elliptic with
rounded apex
Foliage: evergreen or deciduous, depend on weather
Flower: flowers are tiny, pale green to yellow, 5-petalled,
born in clusters
Fruit: The fruit is a soft, juicy, drupe, very rich in vita. C

Bark LEAVES FLOWERS FRUIT

 ECOLOGY,AREA & DITRIBUTION
History of cultivation
ORIGIN: Central Asia
 Two types of jujube
I.Indian Jujube, also called Ber,
II.Chinese Jujube in china known as chiness date.
Chinese cultivating jujube more than 4000 years.
700 named varieties in China.
 NATURAL HABITAT
 Hardy tree thrives under rather dry conditions.
Fruit quality best under hot, sunny and dry conditions,
Native to the tropical and subtropical regions
Altitude: 0-1 500 m.
In China,India,Pakistan,Syria,Malacca,Australia,Malaya
Area in Pakistan: 2006-07 (3905 hectares)
Area under Sindh is more than Punjab. Not in grown
Baluchistan & N.W.F.P
In Punjab: Multan,Sargodha,Lahore Division
In Sindh: Hyderabad,Khairpur
 SOIL & CLIMATE
Hardy fruit, grown in variety of soils.
Grown in ill-drained poor soils where other fruit do not
thrive.
Best yield in fertile, sandy loam type soils.
Best grows hot and dry climate.

PROPAGATION
1. SEXUAL
2. ASEXUAL
 SEXUAL
Propagation through seed
Pretreatment is beneficial
Stratification
Scarification,
In Punjab seed fully ripe fruits during March-April
But main disadvantage of this method
I.Heterozygosity
II.Variability in seedling progeny.
 ASEXUAL
propagated by Ring-Budding and Sheild-Budding.
Top working of seedlings is generally practiced.
Ber plant do not stand transplanting.
Seeds are sown directly in field ,seedling ready for budding
with in 18-24 months.
Ber plant start bearing in the second or third year after
budding.
 In Punjab seed obtained from fully ripe fruits during
March-April .
Seed germinate within three weeks.
seedlings transplanted when they attained a thickness of
finger.
Budding APRIL-MAY and safely practiced
AUGUST-SEPTEMBER.
 Bud-wood from one year old growth with permanent buds.
The bud takes about a month to sprout.
TOPWORKING
Trees make very rapid growth
Start bearing within a year or two.
It is practiced on fall grown seedling. main branches of the
tree are dehorned within 1 foot to 1.5 feet of main trunk
during winter months.
In early spring several sprouts emerge from these stumps.
only the one shoot per limb is allowed to grow
 LAY OUT SYSTEM
We use square system.
P*P =R*R=7*7 or 8 *8
 CULTURAL PRACTICES
IRRIGATION:
Deep tap root system,
Stand long spells of drought but for proper development Of
fruit size the ber should be periodically irrigated during
fruiting season.
Otherwise heavy drop of immature fruit and loss in quality.
MANURING & FERTILIZATION
Ordinarily Bers are seldom manure.
To ensure good quality fruits add half mond FYM per tree
every year before the onset of monsoon rains.
NPK 20-120 kg N, 100 -120 kg P, and 20 -50 kg K /hectare.
 TRAINING & PRUNING
Drooping and spreading habits of the ber.
pruning is to keep it in proper shape and form.
Early pruning to form a strong frame-work
Need for annual pruning because Ber trees bear their
crop on the current year growth
pruning induces production of new wood for fruit buds.
Thinning old branches leads to crowding and removal of
all growth less than half inch is recommended.
TRAINING
 HARVESTING
3-4 months to mature fruit crop.
The winter crop is generally poor and subject to heavy fruit
fly attack flowering in May-June.
The March-April crop is considered as the main crop
flowering in December-January.
YIELD:50-250 kg/tree
 USES
NUTRITION:
Rich in nutrients, good source of vitamin C fair quantity vitamin
A,B
FORAGE:
Use as forage for goats &sheep,pruning of broad leaved types can
be safely fed to milk cattle.
HOST:
Host for lac cultivation.
WOOD: its wood is highly esteemed for macking Persian
wheel, well curves, agriculture implements.
FENCE: used as fence around orchard like in Square 9.
MEDICINAL: Fruits are applied on cuts and ulcers, dried ripe fruit
is a mild laxative leaves are helpful in liver troubles, asthma and
fever. The bark paste is applied on sores.
 VARIETIES
PUNJAB: Urban 9,Layallpur Selection No.13 ,11 & 15
sufaida,khathi mithi,chronchal
SINDH:Khhira,Soofi,Chambali,Jhari
In Peshawar region SUA BER variety very much
allied to Soofi but mature late
 Diseases:
Powdery Mildew:
It attacks on Jujube in the month of September- October.
Control:
1.Topsin -M @ 100g /100 liters of water is applied.
2.Topas @ 50 g/100 liters of water is applied.
 Alternaria:
Disease attacks on the leaves through out the year. This
disease is transferred from leaves to fruit and Black spots
appear on the leaves and fruits.
Control:
1.Diathane M-45, Trimultox, Antracol or Cupravit is sprayed
@200-250
g/100 liters of water.
2.Spray of bordaux mixture 1:1:100 (CuSO4: CaO or lime:
H2O) along withZnSO4@ 0.5 kg /100 liters of water should be
applied to control the disease.
DISEASE SYMPTOMS OF Alternaria
OTHER DISEASE SYMPTOMS
 PEST
FRUIT FLY:
Fruit fly damage the fruit and fruit become Fruit fly damages
the fruit and fruit becomes misshaped and unable to eat.
Fruit fly lays eggs inside the
Control
1. Dipterex, Thiodon or Follidol should be sprayed @ 200
ml/100 liters of
water on fruit tree in early November. Fruit fly lays eggs
inside the fruit and
second spray is done in early February.
2. Sex pheromone traps should be used on October. One trap
is sufficient for
10 plants and direction of traps should be North-South and
hanged above the
ground.
PEST ATTACK SYMPTOMS
FRUIT FLY
 REFERENCES

1.http://www.icuc-
iwmi.org/files/Publications/Ber_monograph.pdf

2.http://www.scribd.com/document_downloads/direct/2106
8269?
extension=pdf&ft=1271695797&lt=1271699407&uahk=e2Zru
oKrRtGNP+BpPH/0cPEE5hs

3.GINAI,M.A(1965) The Jujube(Ber).A Treatise On

Horticulture,257-63.Bureau of Agriculture Information,
Department of Agriculture, Govt. of West Pakistan Lahore