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SERVO
MOTOR
Servo Motor
AServo Motoris a motor which is part
of a servomechanism. It is typically
paired with some type of encoder to
provide positioning and speed
feedback.
Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
A Servo Motor consists of three major parts:
a motor, control board, and potentiometer
(variable resistor) connected to the output
shaft. The motor utilizes a set of gears to
rotate the potentiometer and the output shaft
at the same time. The potentiometer, which
controls the angle of the servo motor, allows
the control circuitry to monitor the current
angle of the servo motor.
Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
The motor, through a series of gears, turns
the output shaft and the potentiometer
simultaneously. The potentiometer is fed into
the servo control circuit and when the control
circuit detects that the position is correct, it
stops the servo motor. If the control circuit
detects that the angle is not correct, it will
turn the servo motor the correct direction
until the angle is correct.
Physical Properties of a
Servo Motor
Normally a servo motor is used to
control an angular motion of between
0 and 180 degrees. It is not
mechanically
capable
(unless
modified) of turning any farther due to
the mechanical stop build on to the
main output gear.
Industrial Servo
Motor
The grey/green cylinder is the brushtype DC motor. The black section at the
bottom contains the planetary reduction
gear, and the black object on top of the
motor is the optical rotary encoder for
position feedback. This is the steering
actuator of a large robot vehicle .
Industrial Servo
Motor
Servo Motor
Feedback
There are two options for Servo Motor
feedback controls, either a servo
encoder or a servo resolver. A servo
encoder and a servo resolver provide
the same solution in many applications,
but are vastly different. They are both
used to sense speed, direction, and
position of the Servo Motor output shaft.
Servo Motor
Feedback
The resolver on the Servo Motor uses a
second set of rotor and stator coils called
the transformer to induce rotor voltages
across an air gap. The resolver does not
use any electronic components, therefore
it is very robust with a high temperature
range, and is inherently shock-resistant
due to its design. A resolver is mostly used
in harsh environments .
Servo Motor
Feedback
The optical encoder on the Servo Motor
uses a rotating shutter to interrupt a
beam of light across an air gap between a
light source and a photo detector, over
time the wear associated with the
rotating shutter reduces the longevity
and reliability of the encoder. The
application will determine whether a
resolver or an encoder is needed.
Servo Motor
Feedback
Encoders are more accurate and are
easier to implement so they should be the
first choice for any application. The only
reason
to
choose
a
resolver
is
environmental concerns and longevity
requirements.
StepperMotor VersusServoMotor
Stepper Motor Advantages
Stability:A stepper motor
can drive a wide range of
frictional and inertial loads
Does Not Require Feedback:
The stepper motor also acts
as the position transducer
Encoder:Determines the
accuracy and resolution of the
servo motor
High-efficiency:The servo motor
Price:Relatively inexpensive can approach 90% efficiency at
light loads
Standardized:NEMA
High Torque to Inertia Ratio:The
standard frame size and
servo motor can rapidly
performance
accelerate loads
A servo motor has 2-3 times
Plug and Play features:Easy
continuous power for short
to set up and use
periods
StepperMotor VersusServoMotor
Stepper Motor Advantages
Safety:Thesteppermotorstopsif
A servo motor has 5-10 times rated
thereisamalfunctionorinterference torque for short periods
ExcellentLowSpeedTorque:The
A servo motor stays cool because the
steppermotorhastheabilitytodrive
current draw is proportional to load
severalloadswithoutgearing
Repeatability:Accuratelyreturnsto
A servo motor maintains usable high
thesamelocation-openloopsystem speed torque of 90% of NL RPM
Overloadsafe:Amechanicaloverload A servo motor performs quietly at high
cannotdamagethesteppermotor
speeds silently
Longevity:Ifthespecificationsofthe
A servo motor has a resonance-free and
motorarenotexceeded,thestepper
vibration-free operation
isgoodfor10,000hoursofoperation
END